Genetically engineered outer membrane vesicles as next-generation bionanomaterials for therapeutic and diagnostic...

Area of Science:

• Bionanotechnology
• Synthetic Biology
• Microbiology

Background:

• Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are bacterial nanoparticles with therapeutic potential.
• Native OMVs face challenges like toxicity, heterogeneity, and lack of targeting.
• Genetic engineering and synthetic biology offer solutions to overcome these limitations.

Purpose of the Study:

• To systematically review engineering strategies for outer membrane vesicles (OMVs).
• To highlight the applications of genetically engineered OMVs (geOMVs) in medicine.
• To discuss challenges and future directions for geOMV clinical translation.

Main Methods:

• Surface display engineering for enhanced targeting and immunomodulation.
• Cargo loading techniques for encapsulating therapeutic payloads (nucleic acids, proteins, drugs).
• Membrane modulation strategies to improve OMV stability and safety profiles.

Main Results:

• Genetically engineered OMVs (geOMVs) demonstrate improved targeting and payload delivery.
• geOMVs show promise in cancer immunotherapy, vaccine development, and targeted drug delivery.
• Engineered OMVs offer potential for diagnostic imaging applications.

Conclusions:

• Genetically engineered OMVs represent a versatile platform for precision therapeutics and diagnostics.
• Addressing challenges in manufacturing, safety, and regulation is crucial for clinical translation.
• Future integration of AI and materials science will unlock the full potential of geOMVs.