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A Standardized Procedure for Monitoring Harmful Algal Blooms in Chile by Metabarcoding Analysis
Published on: August 26, 2021
Multiscale impacts of harmful algal blooms and toxins on aquatic ecosystem structure and function: a systematic
Yumiao Zhang1, Ziyun Wang1, Yangjinzhi Yu1
1College of Ecological Environment, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, 610059, China. zwz@cdut.edu.cn.
Abstract:
Harmful algal blooms (HABs) are ecological phenomena that release toxins or produce excessive biomass, threatening aquatic ecosystems and human health. The global occurrence of HABs is intensifying due to climate change and anthropogenic eutrophication. This paper systematically reviews the multi-scale impacts of HABs and their toxins on the structure and function of aquatic ecosystems. As essential background, the chemical properties, degradation, and transformation of algal toxins are outlined. At the community level, the multi-level impacts and the underlying mechanisms of HABs and toxins on plankton, benthic fauna, aquatic plants, and fish are summarized. At the ecosystem scale, the alterations to food web structure induced by HAB disturbances are further synthesized. By integrating these multi-scale perspectives, this review aims to systematically reveal the composite ecological risks of HABs and provide a theoretical basis and decision-making references for the scientific early warning, ecological risk assessment, and adaptive management of HABs.
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Toxic Reactions: Overview
Toxicity falls into two primary categories: local and systemic.
Local toxicity appears at the exposure site, such as protein denaturation caused by caustic substances.
In contrast, systemic toxicity requires the toxic agent's absorption and distribution,...

