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Related Concept Videos

Hydrogen Bonds01:04

Hydrogen Bonds

A hydrogen bond is formed when a weakly positive hydrogen atom already bonded to one electronegative atom (for example, the oxygen in the water molecule) is attracted to another electronegative atom from another polar molecule, such as water (H2O), hydrogen fluoride (HF), or ammonia (NH3). The huge electronegativity difference between the H atom (2.1) and the atom to which it is bonded (4.0 for an F atom, 3.5 for an O atom, or 3.0 for an N atom), combined with the very small size of an H atom...
Hydrogen Bonds00:26

Hydrogen Bonds

Hydrogen BondsHydrogen bonds are weak attractions between atoms that have formed other chemical bonds. One of these atoms is electronegative, like oxygen, and has a partial negative charge. The other is a hydrogen atom that has bonded with another electronegative atom and has a partial positive charge.Hydrogen Bonds Control the World!Because hydrogen has very weak electronegativity when it binds with a strongly electronegative atom, such as oxygen or nitrogen, electrons in the bond are...
Introduction to Chemical Bonds01:01

Introduction to Chemical Bonds

Chemical Bonds
The electrons of the outermost energy level determine the energetic stability of the atom and its tendency to form chemical bonds with other atoms. The innermost electron shell has a maximum capacity of two electrons, but the next two electron shells can each have a maximum of eight electrons. This is known as the octet rule, which states that, with the exception of the innermost shell, atoms are most stable energetically when they have eight electrons in their valence shell, the...
Valence Bond Theory02:45

Valence Bond Theory

Overview of Valence Bond Theory
Valence Bond Theory02:42

Valence Bond Theory

Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...
Covalent Bonding and Lewis Structures02:46

Covalent Bonding and Lewis Structures

Compared to ionic bonds, which results from the transfer of electrons between metallic and nonmetallic atoms, covalent bonds result from the mutual attraction of atoms for a “shared” pair of electrons.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 17, 2026

Construction and Systematical Symmetric Studies of a Series of Supramolecular Clusters with Binary or Ternary Ammonium Triphenylacetates
06:35

Construction and Systematical Symmetric Studies of a Series of Supramolecular Clusters with Binary or Ternary Ammonium Triphenylacetates

Published on: February 15, 2016

A general hydrogen-bond connectivity descriptor based on graph theory.

Nico Di Fonte1, Isabella Daidone1, Laura Zanetti-Polzi2

  • 1Department of Physical and Chemical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila 67100, Italy. nico.difonte@graduate.univaq.it.

Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics : PCCP
|June 16, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

We developed a graph theory method to analyze molecular dynamics simulations of hydrogen bonds. This approach reveals that ions primarily affect the first hydration shell, leaving the broader water network largely unchanged.

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Bioinformatics Resources for the Study of Glycan-Mediated Protein Interactions
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Bioinformatics Resources for the Study of Glycan-Mediated Protein Interactions

Published on: January 20, 2022

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Last Updated: Jun 17, 2026

Construction and Systematical Symmetric Studies of a Series of Supramolecular Clusters with Binary or Ternary Ammonium Triphenylacetates
06:35

Construction and Systematical Symmetric Studies of a Series of Supramolecular Clusters with Binary or Ternary Ammonium Triphenylacetates

Published on: February 15, 2016

Bioinformatics Resources for the Study of Glycan-Mediated Protein Interactions
11:21

Bioinformatics Resources for the Study of Glycan-Mediated Protein Interactions

Published on: January 20, 2022

Area of Science:

  • Physical Chemistry
  • Computational Chemistry
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Hydrogen bonds are crucial for liquid properties, especially water's anomalous behavior due to its complex network.
  • Understanding hydrogen-bond network dynamics is key to explaining liquid structures and functions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce a novel graph-theoretical framework for analyzing hydrogen-bond networks.
  • To provide a systematic, molecule-resolved description of these networks using Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations.
  • To investigate the impact of ions on the hydrogen-bond network in aqueous solutions.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a graph-theoretical framework based on Node Total Communicability (NTC).
  • Mapped hydrogen-bond networks onto a directed graph to preserve asymmetry.
  • Applied the method to MD simulations of water and aqueous salt solutions.

Main Results:

  • The new method systematically describes hydrogen-bond networks at a molecular level.
  • It captures both local and long-range connectivity with a unified metric.
  • Analysis of salt solutions showed ionic effects are localized to the first hydration shell.

Conclusions:

  • The graph-theoretical approach offers a powerful tool for studying liquid structures.
  • Ionic interactions in aqueous solutions are confined to the immediate vicinity of ions.
  • The extended hydrogen-bond network of water remains largely unperturbed by dissolved salts.