Research progress on MOF-based materials for the detection and protection against mustard gas and its simulants

Chemical warfare agents continue to pose significant threats to nations and civilians, making research on their detection and degradation crucial. This paper systematically reviews studies on metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) for detecting and protecting against blistering agents, such as mustard gas, a common chemical warfare agent. It focuses on the fundamental principles and performance optimization of MOF interactions with mustard gas and its simulants across three key areas: sensing detection, adsorption capture, and catalytic degradation. The paper reviews the current research status and significant advances. Additionally, it critically analyzes common issues in existing studies, summarizes and proposes potential development directions aligned with practical application needs.