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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 18, 2026

Single-cell Analysis of Immunophenotype and Cytokine Production in Peripheral Whole Blood via Mass Cytometry
12:36

Single-cell Analysis of Immunophenotype and Cytokine Production in Peripheral Whole Blood via Mass Cytometry

Published on: June 26, 2018

Pathological perspectives on immune-related adverse events.

Terufumi Kubo1, Rena Morita1, Kenta Sasaki1

  • 1Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University, School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan.

Immunological Medicine
|June 17, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) improve cancer outcomes but cause immune-related adverse events (irAEs). Understanding the shared biological mechanisms of ICIs

Keywords:
autopsygranulomairAEpathology

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 18, 2026

Single-cell Analysis of Immunophenotype and Cytokine Production in Peripheral Whole Blood via Mass Cytometry
12:36

Single-cell Analysis of Immunophenotype and Cytokine Production in Peripheral Whole Blood via Mass Cytometry

Published on: June 26, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Immunology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are increasingly used in cancer therapy, including combination regimens and neoadjuvant treatment.
  • While ICIs improve outcomes for some patients, they also cause immune-related adverse events (irAEs), posing clinical challenges.
  • The therapeutic benefits and detrimental side effects of ICIs are linked to the underlying mechanisms of immune activation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the pathological basis of immune-related adverse events (irAEs) associated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs).
  • To integrate clinicopathological observations across organ systems to enhance understanding and management of irAEs.
  • To illustrate how tissue-based findings can inform the recognition and treatment of irAEs.

Main Methods:

  • Review of clinical and pathological data related to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and their associated immune-related adverse events (irAEs).
  • Focus on representative and clinically relevant topics, analyzed from a pathological perspective.
  • Integration of clinicopathological observations across multiple organ systems.

Main Results:

  • Immune-related adverse events (irAEs) are closely associated with the mechanisms driving therapeutic immune activation by ICIs.
  • Tissue-based findings provide insights into the development and manifestation of irAEs.
  • A shared biological framework links the efficacy and toxicity of ICIs.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding the pathological mechanisms of irAEs is crucial for managing ICI therapy.
  • Clinicopathological integration aids in the recognition and management of irAEs.
  • Considering benefits and disadvantages within the same biological framework is essential for optimizing ICI use.