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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 18, 2026

Step By Step: Microsurgical training method combining two nonliving animal models
05:25

Step By Step: Microsurgical training method combining two nonliving animal models

Published on: May 9, 2015

Microsurgical training on non-living models: proposal for basic training.

Mara Franza1, Giovanni Maria D'Antonio1, Anna Barbara Di Stefano2

  • 1Department of Precision Medicine in Medical, Surgical and Critical Care - Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.

Innovative Surgical Sciences
|June 17, 2026
PubMed
Summary

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This summary is machine-generated.

This study presents a basic microsurgery training program using non-living models for plastic surgery residents. The program significantly improved trainees

Area of Science:

  • Microsurgery Training
  • Surgical Education
  • Plastic Surgery Residency

Background:

  • Microsurgery is a critical skill for plastic surgeons, requiring extensive practice beyond observation.
  • Non-living models are validated tools for basic and intermediate microsurgical training, despite living models better simulating reality.
  • A comprehensive basic microsurgical training program using non-living models is lacking in current literature.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a structured basic microsurgical training program utilizing exclusively non-living models.
  • To evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of this proposed training program.
  • To assess skill improvement using the "Queen Mary University London microsurgery global rating scale".

Main Methods:

  • A literature review identified nine exercises for microsurgical training on non-living models.
Keywords:
basic coursemicrosurgerymicrosurgical trainingnon-living models

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Last Updated: Jun 18, 2026

Step By Step: Microsurgical training method combining two nonliving animal models
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Published on: May 9, 2015

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  • A step-by-step training program was developed and implemented over five days for plastic surgery residents.
  • Participants underwent practical tests before and after the training program for pre- and post-assessment.

    • Main Results:

    • All trainees successfully completed a posterior-wall-first technique end-to-end anastomosis on a chicken femoral artery without major errors.
    • Statistical analysis showed a significant improvement in all evaluated microsurgical skills post-training.
    • The program demonstrated feasibility and effectiveness in enhancing basic microsurgical competencies.

    Conclusions:

    • The proposed basic microsurgery program is easily organizable and effective for developing foundational skills.
    • This program provides essential training for residents before advancing to more complex procedures on living models or clinical practice.
    • The use of non-living models offers a practical and accessible approach to microsurgical skill acquisition.