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Related Concept Videos

Higher Mental Functions of the Brain: Language01:10

Higher Mental Functions of the Brain: Language

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Updated: Jun 18, 2026

Dynamic Inter-subject Functional Connectivity Reveals Moment-to-Moment Brain Network Configurations Driven by Continuous or Communication Paradigms
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Tracking the dynamic breakdown of contextual coherence in schizophrenia using language models.

Seunghyong Ryu1, Ju-Wan Kim1, Min Jhon1

  • 1Department of Psychiatry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.

Frontiers in Psychiatry
|June 17, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Schizophrenia patients show disorganized speech due to disrupted contextual integration. Natural language processing reveals progressively divergent surprisal trajectories, indicating a breakdown in lexical predictability as discourse unfolds.

Keywords:
disorganized speechnatural language processingschizophreniasurprisaltemporal dynamics

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Area of Science:

  • Computational Linguistics
  • Psychiatry
  • Cognitive Neuroscience

Background:

  • Disorganized speech is a key symptom of schizophrenia, linked to impaired contextual integration.
  • Objective quantification of speech dynamics is needed to understand schizophrenia's psychopathology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the dynamic temporal trajectory of contextual coherence breakdown in schizophrenia speech.
  • To quantify disruptions in lexical predictability using sequential surprisal from language models.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of speech transcripts from 249 schizophrenia patients and 159 controls across eight tasks.
  • Calculation of token-by-token surprisal using Korean autoregressive language models (Polyglot-ko-5.8b, Kanana-1.5-8b-base).
  • Generalized additive mixed models used to analyze temporal divergence of surprisal trajectories from token 11 to 100.

Main Results:

  • Patients exhibited progressively divergent surprisal trajectories, indicating a breakdown in contextual predictability.
  • Deviations intensified between tokens 50-70, showing rapid deterioration in maintaining global context.
  • Higher overall mean surprisal and pronounced temporal divergence were observed in unstructured narrative tasks.

Conclusions:

  • Language anomalies in schizophrenia are dynamic, unfolding rapidly within short discourses.
  • Temporal natural language processing metrics effectively capture contextual disruption, aiding in understanding schizophrenia psychopathology.
  • Findings highlight the utility of sequential surprisal in objectively measuring speech disorganization.