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Identification of Biomarker in Kidney Stone Disease by Integrating Transcriptomics and Olink Proteomics: A
Ning Wang1, Bo Zhou2, Changbao Xu1
1Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450014, People's Republic of China.
Journal of Inflammation Research
|June 17, 2026
Summary
This study investigated kidney stone disease (KSD) mechanisms and found altered gene expression and inflammation. Matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) was identified as a potential urinary biomarker for calcium oxalate KSD.
Area of Science:
- Nephrology
- Genomics
- Biochemistry
Background:
- Kidney stone disease (KSD) is common, causing significant illness and healthcare costs.
- The exact causes of kidney stone formation are not fully understood.
- Calcium oxalate (CaOx) stones are the most common type of kidney stone.
Purpose of the Study:
- To explore gene expression profiles in kidney stone disease.
- To understand the molecular mechanisms of calcium oxalate stone formation.
- To identify potential urinary biomarkers for CaOx KSD.
Main Methods:
- RNA sequencing of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from KSD patients and healthy controls.
- Olink proteomics to measure 92 inflammation-related proteins in urine.
- Bioinformatic analyses including Gene Ontology (GO), Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA), and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG).
Main Results:
- Identified 1,063 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between KSD patients and controls.
- Found dysregulation in immune response, inflammatory response, and oxidative stress pathways.
- Highlighted enrichment in extracellular matrix (ECM)-receptor interaction pathways.
- Detected significant alterations in eight inflammation-related urinary proteins, with matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) showing the most significant decrease.
Conclusions:
- Suggests molecular mechanisms and functional pathways involved in CaOx kidney stone formation.
- Identifies MMP-1 as a potential urinary biomarker for CaOx KSD.
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