Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Exercise and Muscle Performance

Exercise and Muscle Performance

Exercise induces a range of adaptations in muscle tissue, depending on the type and duration of activity. Such physical training can be broadly categorized into two types: endurance exercises and resistance exercises.
Endurance exercises
Endurance exercises involve running, swimming, or cycling, which require repetitive movements with low force output. When a person engages in endurance exercise, a few noticeable changes occur in their skeletal muscles. For instance, the number of capillaries...

Exercise and Cardiovascular Response

Exercise and Cardiovascular Response

Exercise significantly impacts cardiovascular response, which is crucial for understanding patient health and designing effective treatment plans.
Light to moderate physical activity initiates a series of interconnected responses in the body. The heart rate modestly increases in anticipation of the workout, followed by widespread vasodilation as oxygen consumption by skeletal muscles increases. This results in decreased peripheral resistance, increased capillary blood flow, and accelerated...

Exercise and Cardiac Output

Exercise and Cardiac Output

Regular physical activity is essential for maintaining cardiovascular health, with aerobic exercises being particularly effective. According to the American Heart Association, 150 minutes of moderate to intense aerobic exercise per week is recommended for a healthy heart. Aerobic activities may include brisk walking, running, bicycling, cross-country skiing, and swimming, ideally performed three to five times per week.
Sustained exercise increases the muscles' oxygen demand, which can be met...

Muscle Recovery and Fatigue

Muscle Recovery and Fatigue

Muscle fatigue refers to the decline in a muscle's ability to maintain the force of contraction after prolonged activity. It primarily stems from changes within muscle fibers. Even before experiencing muscle fatigue, one may feel tired and have the urge to stop the activity. This response, known as central fatigue, occurs due to changes in the central nervous system, namely the brain and spinal cord. While there is no single mechanism that induces fatigue, it may serve as a protective response...

Overview of Carbohydrate Metabolism

Overview of Carbohydrate Metabolism

Carbohydrate metabolism is a fundamental biochemical process that ensures a constant supply of energy to living cells. The most important carbohydrate is glucose, which can be broken down via glycolysis to enter into the Krebs cycle and eventually lead to the production of ATP through oxidative phosphorylation.
Glucose transport into cells is facilitated by a family of transport proteins called GLUT (Glucose Transporters). GLUT4 is the primary glucose transporter for insulin-stimulated glucose...

Social Facilitation

Social Facilitation

Not all intergroup interactions lead to negative outcomes. Sometimes, being in a group situation can improve performance. Social facilitation occurs when an individual performs better when an audience is watching than when the individual performs the behavior alone. This typically occurs when people are performing a task for which they are skilled.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Physical fitness and hormonal responses to strength training in adolescent elite female soccer players.

BMC sports science, medicine & rehabilitation·2026

Same author

Using Machine Learning for Identification of Athlete Availability Predictors in a Multisport Elite Female Athlete Cohort.

Journal of strength and conditioning research·2026

Same author

Scientific Utility of Emerging Indicators in Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (REDs) Severity/Risk Assessment.

Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports·2026

Same author

Does Hormonal Phase Affect Acute High-Intensity Interval Training Exercise? An Evaluation of Performance and Fatigue.

Journal of strength and conditioning research·2026

Same author

Sexual Function and Libido Loss in Female Climbers-A Cross-Sectional Study.

Sports (Basel, Switzerland)·2026

Same authorSame journal

Human Performance Enhancement in Sports and Exercise: Nutritional Factors - Carbohydrate and Fluids.

Revista universitaria de la educacion fisica y el deporte·2026

Same journal

Human Performance Enhancement in Sports and Exercise: Nutritional Factors - Protein.

Revista universitaria de la educacion fisica y el deporte·2026

See all related articles

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 18, 2026

Effects of a Novel Neuromuscular Training Intervention on Jump, Sprint, and Change of Direction in Adult Female Soccer Players

Effects of a Novel Neuromuscular Training Intervention on Jump, Sprint, and Change of Direction in Adult Female Soccer Players

Published on: June 10, 2025

Human Performance Enhancement in Sports and Exercise: Nutritional Factors - "Carbohydrate Loading".

Anthony C Hackney¹

¹Director Applied Physiology Laboratory, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.

Revista Universitaria De La Educacion Fisica Y El Deporte

|June 17, 2026

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Carbohydrate loading can boost muscle glycogen for endurance athletes, but results vary. Understanding factors influencing glycogen super-compensation can improve athletic performance.

More Related Videos

Evaluation of Blood Lactate and Plasma Insulin During High-intensity Exercise by Antecubital Vein Catheterization

Evaluation of Blood Lactate and Plasma Insulin During High-intensity Exercise by Antecubital Vein Catheterization

Published on: May 18, 2018

Determining the Contribution of the Energy Systems During Exercise

Determining the Contribution of the Energy Systems During Exercise

Published on: March 20, 2012

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 18, 2026

Effects of a Novel Neuromuscular Training Intervention on Jump, Sprint, and Change of Direction in Adult Female Soccer Players

Effects of a Novel Neuromuscular Training Intervention on Jump, Sprint, and Change of Direction in Adult Female Soccer Players

Published on: June 10, 2025

Evaluation of Blood Lactate and Plasma Insulin During High-intensity Exercise by Antecubital Vein Catheterization

Evaluation of Blood Lactate and Plasma Insulin During High-intensity Exercise by Antecubital Vein Catheterization

Published on: May 18, 2018

Determining the Contribution of the Energy Systems During Exercise

Determining the Contribution of the Energy Systems During Exercise

Published on: March 20, 2012

Area of Science:

Sports Nutrition
Exercise Physiology

Background:

Carbohydrate loading is a nutritional strategy to increase muscle glycogen stores.
Elevated muscle glycogen enhances exercise performance in events exceeding 90 minutes.
The effectiveness of carbohydrate loading can be inconsistent among athletes.

Purpose of the Study:

To explore factors influencing muscle glycogen super-compensation.
To identify aspects of carbohydrate loading contributing to performance variability.
To provide insights for optimizing carbohydrate loading protocols for athletes.

Main Methods:

Review of scientific literature on carbohydrate loading.
Analysis of factors affecting muscle glycogen storage and super-compensation.
Discussion of practical considerations for athletes.

Main Results:

Muscle glycogen super-compensation is influenced by various physiological and procedural factors.
Variability in carbohydrate loading success is linked to individual responses and protocol adherence.
Optimizing the procedure requires attention to specific influencing factors.

Conclusions:

Understanding the determinants of glycogen super-compensation is key to improving carbohydrate loading efficacy.
Athletes can enhance their performance by addressing factors that contribute to variability in the procedure.
Further research into individual responses may refine carbohydrate loading guidelines.