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Related Concept Videos

Phase Diagram01:19

Phase Diagram

The phase of a given substance depends on the pressure and temperature. Thus, plots of pressure versus temperature showing the phase in each region provide considerable insights into the thermal properties of substances. Such plots are known as phase diagrams. For instance, in the phase diagram for water (Figure 1), the solid curve boundaries between the phases indicate phase transitions (i.e., temperatures and pressures at which the phases coexist).
Phase Diagrams02:39

Phase Diagrams

A phase diagram combines plots of pressure versus temperature for the liquid-gas, solid-liquid, and solid-gas phase-transition equilibria of a substance. These diagrams indicate the physical states that exist under specific conditions of pressure and temperature and also provide the pressure dependence of the phase-transition temperatures (melting points, sublimation points, boiling points). Regions or areas labeled solid, liquid, and gas represent single phases, while lines or curves represent...
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The Electrical Double Layer

In the region where two bulk phases meet, an intricate electric charge distribution arises due to charge transfer, ion adsorption, molecular orientation, and charge distortion. This complex distribution is commonly referred to as the electrical double layer.When a solid electrode interfaces with ions in an electrolyte solution, the speed of electron transfer dictates the rates of oxidation and reduction. The electrode acquires a charge through the escape of atoms into the solution as cations or...
Phase Transitions02:31

Phase Transitions

Whether solid, liquid, or gas, a substance's state depends on the order and arrangement of its particles (atoms, molecules, or ions). Particles in the solid pack closely together, generally in a pattern. The particles vibrate about their fixed positions but do not move or squeeze past their neighbors. In liquids, although the particles are closely spaced, they are randomly arranged. The position of the particles are not fixed—that is, they are free to move past their neighbors to occupy...
Phase Transitions: Melting and Freezing02:39

Phase Transitions: Melting and Freezing

Heating a crystalline solid increases the average energy of its atoms, molecules, or ions, and the solid gets hotter. At some point, the added energy becomes large enough to partially overcome the forces holding the molecules or ions of the solid in their fixed positions, and the solid begins the process of transitioning to the liquid state or melting. At this point, the temperature of the solid stops rising, despite the continual input of heat, and it remains constant until all of the solid is...

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Methods of Ex Situ and In Situ Investigations of Structural Transformations: The Case of Crystallization of Metallic Glasses
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Characterizing the Peierls-Like Distortion and Phase Behavior in Amorphous Ge-Sb Mixtures Using a Machine-Learned

Owen R Dunton1, Tom Arbaugh1, Francis W Starr1

  • 1Department of Physics, Wesleyan University, Middletown, Connecticut 06459, United States.

The Journal of Physical Chemistry. C, Nanomaterials and Interfaces
|June 17, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Phase-change materials like Ge15Sb85 show potential for memory storage. Their structural distortion, crucial for properties, changes gradually with conditions, not a sharp phase transition.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Computational Materials Science

Background:

  • Phase-change materials offer robust solid phases for next-generation memory storage.
  • Germanium-antimony (Ge-Sb) eutectic composition (Ge15Sb85) exhibits a Peierls-like distortion, creating a pseudogap exploitable for materials design.
  • This distortion is known to decrease with heating, suggesting a potential amorphous-amorphous phase transition driven by competing states.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a transferable machine-learned interatomic potential for Ge-Sb mixtures using the atomic cluster expansion (ACE) model.
  • To investigate the structural changes and Peierls-like distortion in Ge15Sb85 under varying thermodynamic conditions (pressure, temperature, density).
  • To determine if the observed structural changes correspond to a discrete phase transition or a gradual crossover.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a machine-learned interatomic potential for Ge-Sb mixtures based on the atomic cluster expansion (ACE) model.
  • Applied the potential to simulate the Ge15Sb85 system across different densities and compositions.
  • Defined a scalar structural order parameter to quantify the Peierls-like distortion and analyzed its dependence on pressure, temperature, and stoichiometry.

Main Results:

  • Successfully reproduced experimentally measured structural changes in Ge15Sb85.
  • Confirmed the presence of a Peierls-like distortion that is suppressed at high temperatures and pressures.
  • Found the Peierls-like distortion is most prominent at low temperatures and densities, with density being the primary driver of local structure.

Conclusions:

  • The Peierls-like distortion in Ge15Sb85 is sensitive to thermodynamic conditions.
  • Density is the dominant factor governing the local structural motif, while temperature influences the sharpness of structural features.
  • Structural changes under compression are smooth and continuous, indicating a gradual crossover rather than a discrete phase transition.