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Great Debates: Surgeons Should Have a Mandatory Retirement Age.

Eduardo Alvarez¹, Brittany Sadoma², Nicholas Sheets²

¹Department of Surgery, Kaiser Permanente Los Angeles Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.

The American Surgeon

|June 17, 2026

Summary

Mandatory retirement ages for surgeons balance patient safety against age discrimination. Evidence suggests procedural volume, not age, is key to surgical outcomes, favoring competency-based assessments over arbitrary retirement.

Keywords:

aging surgeons surgeon experience surgeon mandatory retirement age surgical workforce

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Area of Science:

Medical Ethics
Surgical Practice
Gerontology

Background:

Debate exists on mandatory retirement ages for surgeons.
Concerns include patient safety, professional dignity, and anti-discrimination law.

Purpose of the Study:

To analyze the arguments for and against mandatory retirement ages for surgeons.
To explore alternative approaches like competency-based assessments.

Main Methods:

Literature review and synthesis of existing research.
Analysis of arguments concerning age, competence, and surgical outcomes.

Main Results:

Some studies link older surgeons to higher mortality rates, but this is often due to lower procedural volume, not age itself.
Mandatory retirement may protect patients but arbitrarily removes experienced surgeons.

Conclusions:

Chronological age is a flawed proxy for surgical competence.
Competency-based assessments offer a fairer approach to surgeon evaluation and retention.
Reconciling patient protection with equity and expertise retention is crucial for the surgical field.