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Related Concept Videos

Spinal Cord Injury ll: Pathophysiology01:14

Spinal Cord Injury ll: Pathophysiology

Spinal cord injury progresses through two interconnected phases: primary injury and secondary injury.Primary InjuryPrimary injury happens at the moment of trauma and involves immediate mechanical damage to the spinal cord.Compression happens when broken vertebrae, herniated discs, or accumulating blood (such as a hematoma) press directly against the spinal cord, distorting its normal shape and function. In cases of contusion, the cord is bruised by a blunt force (like penetrating injuries or...
Traumatic Brain Injury l: Introduction01:28

Traumatic Brain Injury l: Introduction

DefinitionTraumatic brain injury, or TBI, is a disturbance of normal brain function induced by an external mechanical force, such as a direct blow to the head or a penetrating injury. It can affect both brain structure and function, producing a wide range of clinical outcomes. TBI is a heterogeneous condition, meaning its effects may differ based on the type, location, and severity of the injury.Basis of ClassificationTBI is classified based on severity, injury mechanism, or pathophysiology. In...
Secondary Spinal Cord Injury llI: Pathophysiology01:25

Secondary Spinal Cord Injury llI: Pathophysiology

Early Ischemia and Ionic ImbalanceWithin minutes of spinal cord injury, a secondary cascade begins, progressing over hours to weeks. Vascular damage reduces blood flow, causing ischemia and mitochondrial dysfunction. ATP depletion leads to ion pump failure, membrane depolarization, sodium influx, potassium efflux, and water accumulation, resulting in cellular swelling. Increased intracellular calcium further disrupts mitochondria and accelerates cellular injury.Excitotoxicity and Neuronal...
Cellular Injury II: Classification01:21

Cellular Injury II: Classification

Cellular injury is any process that disrupts a cell’s ability to maintain homeostasis, leading to structural or functional changes. It is broadly classified based on etiology (cause) and mechanism of damage.Classification by EtiologyCellular injury may result from several causes. Hypoxic injury happens due to reduced oxygen delivery, most commonly from inadequate blood supply, such as arterial obstruction; for example, coronary artery thrombosis can cause myocardial infarction. Chemical injury...
Types of Impact01:30

Types of Impact

Impacts can be classified in various forms, primarily under two subgroups: central impact and oblique impact. A central impact occurs when two objects collide head-on, possessing opposite velocities aligned along the line of impact. Conversely, an oblique impact occurs when two objects collide at an angle, resulting in a modification of both direction and velocity.
The coefficient of restitution is a metric for understanding the dynamics of impacts. It quantifies the ratio of relative velocity...
Types of Collisions - II01:19

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When two or more objects collide with each other, they can stick together to form one single composite object (after collision). The total mass of the object after the collision is the sum of the masses of the original objects, and it moves with a velocity dictated by the conservation of momentum. Although the system's total momentum remains constant, the kinetic energy decreases, and thus such a collision is an inelastic collision. Most of the collisions between objects in daily life are...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 18, 2026

Modified Mouse Model of Repetitive Mild Traumatic Brain Injury Incorporating Thinned-Skull Window and Fluid Percussion
04:54

Modified Mouse Model of Repetitive Mild Traumatic Brain Injury Incorporating Thinned-Skull Window and Fluid Percussion

Published on: April 19, 2024

Initial Injury Type and Violent Reinjury.

Nicholas Szoko1,2, Daphne Lew3, Taylor Kaser4

  • 1Division of Adolescent Medicine, Washington University in St Louis School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri.

JAMA Network Open
|June 17, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Violent reinjury is common, with stabbing and blunt assault injuries posing the highest risk. Tailored prevention strategies are needed to address the root causes of repeated violence exposure.

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Last Updated: Jun 18, 2026

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Area of Science:

  • Trauma surgery
  • Public health
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Violent injuries are a leading cause of death in the US, particularly among children and young adults.
  • The risk of subsequent violent injury (reinjury) after an initial violent injury is known, but patterns across different injury types require further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe patterns of violent reinjury across different injury types (blunt assault, stabbing, firearm).
  • To inform the development of tailored prevention strategies for violent injuries.

Main Methods:

  • Multicenter cohort study including patients with violent injuries from adult and pediatric trauma centers.
  • Classification of violent injuries into blunt assault, stabbing, and firearm categories.
  • Kaplan-Meier time-to-event analyses to estimate the probability of violent reinjury at 1, 5, and 7 years.

Main Results:

  • Out of 29,810 individuals with violent injuries, 13.4% experienced reinjury.
  • The 7-year probability of any reinjury was highest for initial stabbing (19.5%) and blunt assault (17.4%) injuries.
  • Individuals with index blunt assault injuries were more likely to experience blunt assault reinjury (13.2% at 7 years).

Conclusions:

  • Reinjury following violent injury is common and varies significantly by initial injury type.
  • Differing contextual factors likely contribute to these varied reinjury risks.
  • Effective prevention of violent reinjury necessitates addressing the root causes of repeated violence exposure.