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Compositional Analysis of the Essential Oil Extracted From Cyperus scariosus R. Br. Populations Collected From India.

Munmun Kumar Singh1,2, Swati Singh1, Uma Shankar1

  • 1Phytochemistry Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CIMAP), Lucknow, India.

Chemistry & Biodiversity
|June 17, 2026
PubMed
Summary

This study analyzed the essential oils of wild Cyperus scariosus from the Indian subcontinent. Chemical composition and yield varied significantly, offering insights for authenticating cypriol oil.

Keywords:
chemical diversitycyperaceaecypriolessential oil compositionnagarmotha

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Area of Science:

  • Botany and Phytochemistry
  • Natural Product Chemistry
  • Analytical Chemistry

Background:

  • Cyperus scariosus R. Br. (Cyperaceae), known as nagarmotha, is a wild plant from the Indian subcontinent.
  • Its rhizome has traditional uses in perfumery and medicine.
  • Variations in essential oil characteristics are important for quality control and application.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the variations in yield, chemical composition, and physical characteristics of essential oils from wild Cyperus scariosus.
  • To identify key chemical constituents in both rhizome and aerial parts of the plant.
  • To provide data for verifying the authenticity of cypriol oil.

Main Methods:

  • Collection of 26 wild Cyperus scariosus samples from 10 Indian states.
  • Analysis of essential oils using chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques.
  • Identification and quantification of chemical components in rhizome and aerial part oils.

Main Results:

  • Essential oil yield varied from 0.32% to 1.05%.
  • 107 chemical components were identified, with cyperene, cyperotundone, and mustakone being major rhizome constituents.
  • Aerial parts showed significant amounts of drimenol, hexadecanoic acid, and phytol.

Conclusions:

  • Significant variations exist in the essential oil of wild Cyperus scariosus.
  • The identified chemical profiles can be used to authenticate cypriol oil.
  • Agro-waste aerial parts contain valuable compounds, suggesting potential for further utilization.