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Related Concept Videos

Ethics and Bioethics01:22

Ethics and Bioethics

Ethics is a philosophical study of moral actions. Ethics attempts to determine what is valuable for individuals and society. It examines the rational justification of moral judgments and analyzes what is morally just, fair, and right. Bioethics is a sub-discipline of applied ethics that analyzes the philosophical, social, and legal issues in life sciences and medicine. Ethical theories serve as a foundation for decision-making and represent the viewpoints from which people seek direction. They...
Models of Health Promotion and Illness Prevention I01:25

Models of Health Promotion and Illness Prevention I

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Ethical Issues

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Ethical Concerns in Healthcare:
Health Literacy01:21

Health Literacy

Health literacy is an individual's or a community's capacity to comprehend, receive, read, and use relevant healthcare information and services. The World Health Organization (WHO, 2018) defines health literacy as the cognitive and social skills that determine the ability of individuals to gain access to, understand, and use information in ways that promote and maintain good health. As a result, the WHO helps individuals manage long-term health concerns, participate in preventative programs,...
Models of Health Promotion and Illness Prevention II01:18

Models of Health Promotion and Illness Prevention II

The person's health status fluctuates continually, varying from being in good health to becoming ill and returning to being healthy. To understand the concept of illness prevention, there are two models. First, the health-illness continuum model is a graphic representation of an individual's wellness. It states that a person is considered healthy in the absence of physical disease and the presence of good emotional health.
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Ethical Dilemmas I01:17

Ethical Dilemmas I

Ethical dilemmas in nursing are of utmost importance, as they often arise from the tension between adhering to core ethical principles and the practical realities of healthcare delivery. These dilemmas require nurses to navigate complex situations where competing ethical considerations pull them in different directions.
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Augmenting Large Language Models via Vector Embeddings to Improve Domain-Specific Responsiveness
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Published on: December 6, 2024

Ethical Considerations in Personal Health Large Language Models.

Jialin Liu1,2, Siru Liu3

  • 1Information Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.

Journal of Medical Internet Research
|June 17, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Personal health large language models (PH-LLMs) offer health support but pose unique ethical risks. A new framework, grounded in biomedical ethics, addresses privacy, accuracy, equity, and transparency for safer PH-LLM use.

Keywords:
digital healthethicsgenerative artificial intelligencegovernancehealth AIhealth equityhealth literacypatient safetypersonal health large language modelprivacy

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Evidence-based Knowledge Synthesis and Hypothesis Validation: Navigating Biomedical Knowledge Bases via Explainable AI and Agentic Systems

Published on: June 13, 2025

Area of Science:

  • Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare
  • Biomedical Ethics
  • Digital Health Governance

Background:

  • Personal health large language models (PH-LLMs) are increasingly used for direct consumer health support, including symptom triage and self-management.
  • Current artificial intelligence governance frameworks inadequately address the unique ethical risks of PH-LLMs used without clinical oversight.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify and synthesize PH-LLM-specific ethical challenges across six key domains: privacy, accuracy, equity, transparency, human-AI interaction, and regulatory governance.
  • To propose a novel governance framework for PH-LLMs, grounded in the four principles of biomedical ethics, to mitigate identified risks.

Main Methods:

  • A synthesis of PH-LLM-specific challenges, focusing on text-based, platform-mediated systems.
  • Development of a governance framework operationalizing beneficence, nonmaleficence, autonomy, and justice through design and deployment controls.
  • Outline of implementation mechanisms including risk-tiered certification and post-deployment oversight.

Main Results:

  • Identified amplified risks due to health literacy gaps, data aggregation, persuasive design, and fragmented oversight.
  • Proposed a framework with specific controls: health literacy-aligned communication, crisis safeguards, hallucination mitigation, role disclosure, granular consent, fairness auditing, and accessible design.
  • Outlined implementation strategies: risk-tiered certification, tiered accountability, and adverse-event reporting.

Conclusions:

  • A comprehensive, evidence-informed governance framework is crucial for the responsible design and deployment of PH-LLMs in personal health management.
  • The proposed framework aims to proactively address ethical risks, ensuring PH-LLMs support user well-being and autonomy.
  • Anticipatory governance is necessary to navigate the evolving landscape of AI in personal healthcare.