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Related Concept Videos

Protein Import into the Peroxisomes01:27

Protein Import into the Peroxisomes

Cells contain membrane-bound organelles called peroxisomes that oxidize organic molecules by transferring hydrogen atoms to oxygen, producing hydrogen peroxide. Peroxisomes enzymatically convert the released hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen.
Peroxisomal Protein Import:
Peroxisomes lack the genetic machinery required to code for their own proteins. Hence, most peroxisomal membrane, lumenal and transmembrane proteins are synthesized in the cytoplasm or ER and transported to the peroxisome...
Genetic Screens02:46

Genetic Screens

Genetic screens are tools used to identify genes and mutations responsible for phenotypes of interest. Genetic screens help identify individuals or a group of people at risk of developing  genetic diseases and help them with early intervention, targeted therapy, and reproductive options.
Forward genetic screens
Forward or “classical” genetic screens involve creating random mutations in an organism’s DNA using radiation, mutagens, or insertion of additional bases, which result in visible changes...
Peroxisomes01:24

Peroxisomes

Peroxisomes are specialized organelles present in fungi, plant, and animal cells. It can vary in number, size, morphology, and activity depending on the type of tissue and the nutritional state of the cell. For example, cells with active lipid metabolism, such as adipocytes, neurons, and hepatocytes, have more peroxisomes than other cells in the body. Besides their primary role in breaking down complex organic molecules, peroxisomes can also synthesize specific macromolecules and participate in...
Peroxisomes01:30

Peroxisomes

Peroxisomes and mitochondria are two important oxygen-utilizing organelles in eukaryotic cells. Mitochondria carry out cellular respiration—the process that converts energy from food into ATP. Peroxisomes carry out a variety of functions, primarily breaking down different substances, such as fatty acids.The peroxisome is a single membrane-bound cellular organelle that can perform several different functions, including lipid metabolism and chemical detoxification. The enzymes within peroxisomes...
Peroxisomes01:24

Peroxisomes

Peroxisomes are specialized organelles present in fungi, plant, and animal cells. It can vary in number, size, morphology, and activity depending on the type of tissue and the nutritional state of the cell. For example, cells with active lipid metabolism, such as adipocytes, neurons, and hepatocytes, have more peroxisomes than other cells in the body. Besides their primary role in breaking down complex organic molecules, peroxisomes can also synthesize specific macromolecules and participate in...
Pleiotropy01:33

Pleiotropy

Pleiotropy is the phenomenon in which a single gene impacts multiple, seemingly unrelated phenotypic traits. For example, defects in the SOX10 gene cause Waardenburg Syndrome Type 4, or WS4, which can cause defects in pigmentation, hearing impairments, and an absence of intestinal contractions necessary for elimination. This diversity of phenotypes results from the expression pattern of SOX10 in early embryonic and fetal development. SOX10 is found in neural crest cells that form melanocytes,...

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Updated: Jun 19, 2026

Peroxisome Staining in Mammalian Cells Using Peroxisome-Specific Probes
05:57

Peroxisome Staining in Mammalian Cells Using Peroxisome-Specific Probes

Published on: December 19, 2025

Genome-wide Screen Identifies Peroxisomal Role in APOL1 Podocytopathy.

Jiyoung Kim1, Isaac Z Karel2, Huijuan Song3

  • 1Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy and Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH,; Current affiliation: Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York.

Kidney International
|June 17, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

APOL1 risk variants linked to kidney disease are worsened by hypoxia, but enhancing peroxisomal function protects podocytes. This study reveals peroxisomal dysfunction as a key factor in APOL1-mediated kidney injury.

Keywords:
APOL1RNAi screenperoxisomespodocytes

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High Content Screening in Neurodegenerative Diseases
13:32

High Content Screening in Neurodegenerative Diseases

Published on: January 6, 2012

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Last Updated: Jun 19, 2026

Peroxisome Staining in Mammalian Cells Using Peroxisome-Specific Probes
05:57

Peroxisome Staining in Mammalian Cells Using Peroxisome-Specific Probes

Published on: December 19, 2025

High Content Screening in Neurodegenerative Diseases
13:32

High Content Screening in Neurodegenerative Diseases

Published on: January 6, 2012

Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Genetics
  • Nephrology

Background:

  • APOL1 risk variants (G1/G2) significantly increase chronic kidney disease (CKD) risk in African ancestry populations.
  • Disease manifestation requires secondary insults like hypoxia, but the mechanisms linking these stressors to podocyte injury are unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify cellular pathways modifying APOL1 risk variant cytotoxicity under hypoxic stress.
  • To elucidate the role of peroxisomal homeostasis in APOL1-associated podocyte injury.

Main Methods:

  • Genome-wide RNA interference (RNAi) screen in cells expressing APOL1 G1/G2 variants under hypoxia.
  • Validation through genetic manipulation, pharmacologic interventions, and subcellular localization studies.

Main Results:

  • RNAi screen identified peroxisomal biogenesis (PEX) genes as critical modifiers; PEX gene silencing exacerbated APOL1-induced cell death.
  • Enhancing peroxisomal function attenuated APOL1 variant cytotoxicity.
  • A hypoxia-dependent peroxisomal targeting signal in APOL1 was identified, linking trafficking to cytotoxicity.

Conclusions:

  • Peroxisomal dysfunction is a key determinant of APOL1 G1/G2-mediated cytotoxicity under hypoxia.
  • Peroxisomes represent a therapeutically targetable pathway to mitigate podocyte injury and CKD progression in susceptible individuals.