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Atomic Layer Deposition Processes: Versatile Platforms for Engineering ZnO-Chitosan Biointerfaces.

Mabel Moreno1,2, Anjana Devi3,4,5, David Zanders5

  • 1Instituto De Investigación Interdisciplinar En Ciencias Biomédicas SEK, Facultad De Ciencias de La Salud, Universidad SEK, Metropolitan, Chile.

Advanced Healthcare Materials
|June 17, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study engineered zinc-functionalized chitosan (CS) interfaces using atomic layer deposition (ALD) techniques. The CS-ZnO PEALD scaffolds promoted angiogenesis and balanced immune responses for advanced medical implants.

Keywords:
ALD techniquesangiogenesisantiseptic ZnO coatingsbiocompatibilitychitosanin vivo integration

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Biotechnology
  • Surface Engineering

Background:

  • Developing bio-multifunctional interfaces is crucial for advanced medical implants.
  • Chitosan (CS) is a promising biomaterial, but its functionalization requires precise control.
  • Atomic-scale deposition techniques offer new avenues for material modification.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To engineer zinc-functionalized chitosan (CS) interfaces using atomic-scale techniques.
  • To investigate the impact of different functionalization methods on material properties and biological response.
  • To evaluate the potential of these interfaces for next-generation medical implants.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized vapor phase metalation (VPM), multiple pulsed vapor phase infiltration (MPI), and O2 plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition (PEALD) for zinc functionalization of CS.
  • Characterized surface topography, structure, and elemental distribution using AFM, XRD, XPS, SEM, and EDX.
  • Assessed physicochemical properties, cell proliferation (C2C12), antiseptic activity (E. coli, H. pylori), and in vivo immunomodulatory effects (angiogenesis, cytokine profiles).

Main Results:

  • Homogeneous zinc distribution was confirmed across all methods.
  • AFM revealed topographical changes, with MPI yielding high-surface-area nucleation.
  • PEALD modification resulted in the highest interfacial energy and enhanced swelling.
  • Functionalization method dictated semiconductor properties.
  • CS-ZnO PEALD scaffolds demonstrated comparable C2C12 cell proliferation, tailored antiseptic activity, and promoted angiogenesis with a balanced immune response in vivo.
  • Stable anti-inflammatory IL-10 and near-basal pro-inflammatory IL-6 levels were observed in vivo.

Conclusions:

  • Atomic layer deposition (ALD)-based processes offer versatile control over zinc-functionalized chitosan (CS) interfaces.
  • The CS-ZnO PEALD scaffolds exhibit immunomodulatory properties, promoting angiogenesis and a balanced immune response.
  • These findings support the development of next-generation intelligent medical implants and bio-integrated electronics.