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Related Concept Videos

Photoreceptors and Plant Responses to Light02:00

Photoreceptors and Plant Responses to Light

Light plays a significant role in regulating the growth and development of plants. In addition to providing energy for photosynthesis, light provides other important cues to regulate a range of developmental and physiological responses in plants.
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Pigmentation

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Melanin occurs in two primary forms: eumelanin that provides black and brown pigment and pheomelanin that provides red color. Dark-skinned individuals produce more melanin than those with pale...
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At the molecular level, visual signals trigger transformations in photopigment molecules, resulting in changes in the photoreceptor cell's membrane potential. The photon's energy level is denoted by its wavelength, with each specific wavelength of visible light associated with a distinct color. The spectral range of visible light, classified as electromagnetic radiation, spans from 380 to 720 nm. Electromagnetic radiation wavelengths exceeding 720 nm fall under the infrared category, whereas...
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Ultraviolet–visible (UV–visible or UV–Vis) spectroscopy is an analytical technique that investigates the interaction between matter and UV–Vis light within the electromagnetic spectrum. This method is widely used for its versatility, simplicity, and relatively quick data acquisition, making it valuable for both qualitative and quantitative analysis. When UV–Vis radiation passes through a material,  molecules absorb light depending on the energy required for electronic transitions. As a result...
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Role of Skin in Vitamin D Synthesis

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 19, 2026

Integrating a Triplet-triplet Annihilation Up-conversion System to Enhance Dye-sensitized Solar Cell Response to Sub-bandgap Light
11:26

Integrating a Triplet-triplet Annihilation Up-conversion System to Enhance Dye-sensitized Solar Cell Response to Sub-bandgap Light

Published on: September 12, 2014

Enhancing Photoprotection: Assessing Visible Light Photoprotection in Tinted Inorganic Sunscreens.

Eduardo Ruvolo1, Susan Mortillo1, Omid Yousefian1

  • 1Beiersdorf Inc, Florham Park, New Jersey, USA.

Photodermatology, Photoimmunology & Photomedicine
|June 18, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A new tinted mineral sunscreen with antioxidants effectively protects against visible light and UVA1, reducing redness and hyperpigmentation in darker skin tones. This formulation aims to improve cosmetic elegance and sunscreen compliance for all skin colors.

Keywords:
UVA1antioxidants and hyperpigmentationtinted sunscreenvisible light photoprotection

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Last Updated: Jun 19, 2026

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Pharmacologic Induction of Epidermal Melanin and Protection Against Sunburn in a Humanized Mouse Model

Published on: September 7, 2013

Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Photoprotection
  • Cosmetic Science

Background:

  • Visible light (VL) and UVA1 cause erythema in lighter skin and worsen hyperpigmentation in darker skin.
  • Limited photoprotection options against VL+UVA1 existed, with mineral sunscreens often leaving a white cast on darker skin tones.
  • Tinted formulations with iron oxides (Fe2O3) aim to improve cosmetic appearance and compliance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the photoprotection properties of a novel zinc-based (Zn) inorganic tinted sunscreen enriched with five antioxidants (5 AOX).
  • To assess its efficacy against visible light plus UVA1 (VL+UVA1) induced erythema and hyperpigmentation in individuals with Fitzpatrick skin types IV-VI.

Main Methods:

  • Twelve healthy adults with Fitzpatrick skin types IV-VI participated.
  • The novel Zn/Fe2O3/5 AOX sunscreen was compared to commercial mineral sunscreens.
  • Erythema and pigmentation were assessed using diffused reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), polarized photography, and investigator scoring post-irradiation.

Main Results:

  • The novel Zn/Fe2O3/5 AOX sunscreen significantly reduced immediate and delayed erythema and pigmentation compared to ZnO-only formulas (p<0.05).
  • Not all tested inorganic/Fe2O3 formulas showed significant reductions in VL+UVA1-induced erythema and pigmentation versus ZnO-only.
  • DRS confirmed the enhanced efficacy of the 5 AOX-enriched tinted sunscreen.

Conclusions:

  • The 5 AOX-enriched tinted mineral sunscreen demonstrates enhanced photoprotective effects against VL+UVA1.
  • Its blendable tint is designed for improved cosmetic appearance and patient compliance across all skin tones.
  • This formulation offers a promising solution for effective photoprotection and increased sunscreen use.