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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 19, 2026

Determination of Self-(In)compatibility and Inter-(In)compatibility Relationships in Citrus Using Manual Pollination, Microscopy, and S-Genotype Analyses

Determination of Self-(In)compatibility and Inter-(In)compatibility Relationships in Citrus Using Manual Pollination, Microscopy, and S-Genotype Analyses

Published on: June 30, 2023

Collective enforcement of S-RNase-based self-incompatibility.

¹Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.

The New Phytologist

|June 18, 2026

Summary

This study models how new nonself-incompatibilities arise, driven by natural selection favoring S-RNase mutations that benefit self-incompatible (SI) over self-compatible (SC) plants. This dynamic shapes plant reproductive strategies.

Keywords:

SLF S‐RNase segregation distortion self‐compatibility self‐incompatibility

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Detection of Homologous Recombination Intermediates via Proximity Ligation and Quantitative PCR in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

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Last Updated: Jun 19, 2026

Determination of Self-(In)compatibility and Inter-(In)compatibility Relationships in Citrus Using Manual Pollination, Microscopy, and S-Genotype Analyses

Determination of Self-(In)compatibility and Inter-(In)compatibility Relationships in Citrus Using Manual Pollination, Microscopy, and S-Genotype Analyses

Published on: June 30, 2023

Determination of Self- and Inter-(in)compatibility Relationships in Apricot Combining Hand-Pollination, Microscopy and Genetic Analyses

Determination of Self- and Inter-(in)compatibility Relationships in Apricot Combining Hand-Pollination, Microscopy and Genetic Analyses

Published on: June 16, 2020

Detection of Homologous Recombination Intermediates via Proximity Ligation and Quantitative PCR in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Detection of Homologous Recombination Intermediates via Proximity Ligation and Quantitative PCR in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Published on: September 11, 2022

Area of Science:

Evolutionary biology
Plant reproductive genetics
Molecular evolution

Background:

Previous models focused on the evolution of self-incompatibilities.
The origin of nonself-incompatibilities, crucial for understanding mating system evolution, remains less explored.
Self-incompatibility (SI) and self-compatibility (SC) systems significantly impact plant population genetics and evolution.

Purpose of the Study:

To present a novel model explaining the evolutionary origin of new nonself-incompatibilities.
To investigate the interplay between S-RNase mutations and SLF repertoire evolution in shaping mating system dynamics.
To elucidate the selective pressures driving the balance between SI and SC haplotypes.

Main Methods:

Theoretical modeling of evolutionary dynamics.
Analysis of selection pressures on S-RNase and SLF genes.
Simulation of haplotype frequency changes under different evolutionary scenarios.

Main Results:

Natural selection favors S-RNase mutations that create nonself-incompatibilities with SC haplotypes, allowing SI haplotypes to avoid inbreeding costs.
The generation of nonself-incompatibilities is counteracted by selection on SLF repertoires, promoting compatibility.
The model predicts a dynamic balance between forces favoring new compatibilities and those generating new nonself-incompatibilities.

Conclusions:

The evolution of mating systems is driven by a fluctuating balance between selection for new compatibilities and 'mutational adjustment' of S-RNases.
This balance determines the relative frequencies of SI and SC haplotypes over evolutionary time.
The model provides a framework for understanding the maintenance and breakdown of self-incompatibility.