Rare Vascular Sarcoma Treated With Ex Vivo Liver Surgery: A Case of IVC Leiomyosarcoma

We report a case of leiomyosarcoma of the inferior vena cava (IVC) treated with liver resection, autotransplantation, and IVC reconstruction using a Dacron graft. A 47-year-old female presented with mild to moderate lower extremity edema and weakness. Physical examination revealed no abdominal or pelvic abnormalities. However, further evaluation confirmed a tumor in the suprarenal IVC, extending to the hepatic veins, with thrombus formation in the suprahepatic IVC. During surgery, the tumor was confirmed to originate from the IVC. Given its proximity to the hepatic veins, an ex vivo liver resection and autotransplantation (ELRA) were performed, followed by IVC reconstruction using a Dacron graft via the piggyback technique. The patient experienced no postoperative complications. Although liver resection and autotransplantation are considered extremely aggressive procedures, they can be viable options in cases where complete surgical resection is not feasible using standard techniques.