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Related Concept Videos

Aging01:26

Aging

Aging is a complex biological phenomenon influenced by various processes that affect cellular and systemic functions. Several prominent theories attempt to explain its mechanisms, highlighting cellular limitations, oxidative damage, and hormonal changes as central factors in aging.
Cellular Clock Theory
The cellular clock theory posits that the human lifespan is closely tied to the finite capacity of cells to divide, a phenomenon governed by telomeres, which are protective caps at the ends of...
Regulation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells01:01

Regulation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells

All blood and immune cells are produced from the multipotent hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) by the process of hematopoiesis. However, they all have a limited life span. In addition, many are depleted in immune surveillance or combatting an injury or infection. This makes blood one of the most regenerative tissues. Hematopoiesis helps replenish these blood and immune cells, restoring the body's normal functioning. However, overproduction of blood and immune cells can make them cancerous or...
The Effect of Aging on Tissues01:19

The Effect of Aging on Tissues

Several body functions deteriorate with age. The external signs of aging are easily identifiable. For example, the skin becomes dry, less elastic, and thins out, forming wrinkles. The skin of the face begins to appear looser due to a decrease in the levels of elastic and collagen fibers in the connective tissue. Additionally, melanin production in the hair follicle decreases with age, resulting in gray hair. Moreover, the senses of sight and hearing decline, so glasses and hearing aids may...
T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
Inflammatory Response01:28

Inflammatory Response

An inflammatory response is a localized, nonspecific immune reaction that occurs when a tissue is injured. It is characterized by redness, swelling, heat, and pain, which are commonly called the cardinal signs and symptoms of inflammation. Inflammation can sometimes result in a loss of function.
Inflammation can be triggered by various stimuli, such as impact, abrasion, chemical irritation, infections, and extreme hot or cold temperatures. These can damage cells and connective tissue fibers,...
Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity01:26

Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity

An antigen is any substance the immune system identifies as foreign and potentially harmful to the body, prompting an immune response. Antigens have two functional properties: immunogenicity and reactivity. Immunogenicity is the ability of an antigen to stimulate a specific immune response. At the same time, reactivity describes the antigen's ability to react with the cells and antibodies produced in response to it.
Complete Antigens
Complete antigens possess both immunogenicity and reactivity.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 19, 2026

Quantitative Imaging of Lineage-specific Toll-like Receptor-mediated Signaling in Monocytes and Dendritic Cells from Small Samples of Human Blood
07:58

Quantitative Imaging of Lineage-specific Toll-like Receptor-mediated Signaling in Monocytes and Dendritic Cells from Small Samples of Human Blood

Published on: April 16, 2012

Cross-Level Regulatory Interactions Underlying Human Immune Aging.

Quanyou Wu1,2, Botao Zhang1,3, Xiaochen Zhi1

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Beijing China.

Medcomm
|June 18, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Aging immune cells show widespread RNA splicing dysregulation, impacting protein profiles and T-cell function. This multi-omics study reveals interconnected molecular changes, offering insights into immune aging and potential interventions.

Keywords:
agingimmunemolecular interactionsmulti‐omicsregulatory networks

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Whole Blood Assay with Dual Co-Stimulation for Antigen-Specific Analysis of Host Immunity to Fungal and Viral Pathogens

Published on: September 20, 2024

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • Understanding immunosenescence requires comprehensive molecular insights.
  • Transcriptomic studies have identified aging-related immune alterations, but proteomic and multi-omics data are limited.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate age-related changes in immune cells using an integrated multi-omics approach.
  • To identify molecular mechanisms underlying immune aging and potential targets for intervention.

Main Methods:

  • Multi-omics sequencing (transcriptomics and proteomics) on peripheral blood from 69 individuals (aged 23-75).
  • Analysis of RNA splicing dysregulation, lncRNA modulation, and downstream protein alterations in aging leukocytes.

Main Results:

  • Widespread RNA splicing dysregulation, particularly exon skipping, was identified in aging immune cells.
  • Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) like SNHG1 and RP1-3J17.3 influenced splicing of target genes.
  • Splicing alterations in genes such as EIF4G1 affected protein translation, modification, and degradation, reshaping leukocyte proteomes.
  • Proteomic changes correlated with weakened T-cell function in aging.

Conclusions:

  • Integrated multi-omics reveals interconnected molecular regulation in aging leukocytes, moving beyond single-layer analyses.
  • Splicing dysregulation is a key mechanism in immune aging, affecting protein homeostasis and T-cell function.
  • This study provides a valuable multi-omics resource for understanding immune aging and developing strategies to mitigate immunosenescence.