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Related Concept Videos

Overview of Lipid Metabolism01:24

Overview of Lipid Metabolism

Lipid metabolism is a crucial process in the human body that involves the synthesis and degradation of lipids. This process is essential for energy production, cell membrane formation, and hormone production, among other functions.
Lipolysis: The Breakdown of Lipids:
Lipolysis is the process of breaking down lipids, particularly triglycerides, into glycerol and fatty acids. This process typically occurs in the adipose tissue and is triggered by various hormones, including glucagon and...
Overview of Fatty Acid Metabolism01:28

Overview of Fatty Acid Metabolism

Lipids also are sources of energy that power cellular processes. Like carbohydrates, lipids are composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, but these atoms are arranged differently. Most lipids are nonpolar and hydrophobic. Major types include fats and oils, waxes, phospholipids, and steroids.
Fatty acids are catabolized in a process called beta-oxidation, which takes place in the matrix of the mitochondria and converts their fatty acid chains into two-carbon units of acetyl groups. The acetyl...
Type II Diabetes II: Pathophysiology01:24

Type II Diabetes II: Pathophysiology

PathophysiologyType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM ) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance and progressive pancreatic β-cell dysfunction, leading to impaired glucose homeostasis. It results from interactions among genetic predisposition, environmental factors, and metabolic stressors, such as overnutrition and a sedentary lifestyle.Insulin Resistance and Glucose DysregulationEarly T2DM involves insulin resistance in skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, and the liver.
Pharmacokinetics in Obese Patients: Drug Metabolism and Excretion01:20

Pharmacokinetics in Obese Patients: Drug Metabolism and Excretion

Drug metabolism, a critical process in the liver, involves two primary phases: Phase I reactions and Phase II conjugation. Obesity introduces significant alterations in this metabolic process, primarily due to fatty infiltration of the liver, leading to conditions such as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This condition can modify the activities of both Phase I and II enzymes, impacting how drugs are metabolized in obese patients.Phase I metabolism sees variable effects across...
Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Pathophysiologic Assessment and Liver Function Test01:22

Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Pathophysiologic Assessment and Liver Function Test

In clinical practice, the direct measurement of hepatic blood flow to evaluate liver function presents significant challenges due to the intricate and specialized nature of the necessary techniques. Consequently, healthcare professionals often rely on empirical estimates derived from thorough patient examinations and liver function tests to gauge liver health. Among the tools at their disposal, the Child–Pugh and MELD scoring systems stand out for their ability to categorize and assess the...
Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Drug Dosing and Hepatic Blood Flow01:26

Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Drug Dosing and Hepatic Blood Flow

Chronic liver disease significantly impacts drug metabolism due to alterations in hepatic blood flow and enzyme accessibility. This disruption affects the body's pharmacokinetics—the movement and processing of drugs within the system. Key enzymes crucial for metabolizing medications become less accessible, changing how drugs are processed and utilized. Furthermore, liver disease influences the synthesis of plasma proteins, such as albumin and globulins, which play critical roles in drug binding...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 3, 2026

In Vitro Modeling of Fat Deposition in Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease
07:03

In Vitro Modeling of Fat Deposition in Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease

Published on: July 19, 2024

Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease: From Pathogenesis to Treatment.

Zhifu Cui1, Xiaxia Du2, Felix Kwame Amevor3

  • 1College of Animal Science and Technology Southwest University Beibei Chongqing China.

Medcomm
|July 2, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is a growing global health issue. This review explores MAFLD mechanisms, interorgan communication, and promising EV-based therapies for better patient outcomes.

Keywords:
EVsMAFLDadipose–liver crosstalkengineered EVsgut–liver axis

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Mouse Model of Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease with Fibrosis
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Optimized Analysis of In Vivo and In Vitro Hepatic Steatosis
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Optimized Analysis of In Vivo and In Vitro Hepatic Steatosis

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 3, 2026

In Vitro Modeling of Fat Deposition in Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease
07:03

In Vitro Modeling of Fat Deposition in Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease

Published on: July 19, 2024

Mouse Model of Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease with Fibrosis
06:26

Mouse Model of Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease with Fibrosis

Published on: July 18, 2025

Optimized Analysis of In Vivo and In Vitro Hepatic Steatosis
08:58

Optimized Analysis of In Vivo and In Vitro Hepatic Steatosis

Published on: March 11, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Hepatology and metabolic disease research.

Background:

  • Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease globally.
  • MAFLD is linked to obesity and insulin resistance, progressing to severe liver damage.
  • Pathogenesis involves complex interactions including lipid metabolism, mitochondrial dysfunction, and inflammation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advances in MAFLD molecular mechanisms.
  • To highlight the role of interorgan communication (adipose-liver, gut-liver axes).
  • To discuss therapeutic strategies, focusing on extracellular vesicles (EVs).

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive literature review of MAFLD pathogenesis.
  • Analysis of molecular mechanisms: metabolic dysregulation, stress responses, inflammation, cell death.
  • Evaluation of interorgan communication and EV signaling.
  • Assessment of current and emerging therapeutic strategies.

Main Results:

  • MAFLD pathogenesis is multifactorial, involving complex molecular interactions.
  • Interorgan communication, especially the gut-liver axis, plays a critical role.
  • Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are emerging as key mediators of signaling in MAFLD.
  • Numerous molecular targets and EV-based approaches show therapeutic promise.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding MAFLD's integrated regulatory networks is crucial for effective treatment.
  • EV-based diagnostics and therapeutics offer significant potential for MAFLD management.
  • Identifying novel molecular targets is key for future clinical translation and improved interventions.