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Related Concept Videos

Antimicrobial Effectiveness01:28

Antimicrobial Effectiveness

The effectiveness of antimicrobial agents depends on various factors influencing their ability to eliminate microbial populations. Larger microbial populations require more time for complete eradication, emphasizing the importance of population size analysis when evaluating antimicrobial efficacy.Microbial resistance to antimicrobial agents varies significantly. Highly resilient microorganisms include endospores, gram-negative bacteria, and non-enveloped viruses, while prions are exceptionally...
Antimicrobial Proteins01:23

Antimicrobial Proteins

Antimicrobial proteins are important components of the immune system. They aid the body in combating pathogens by either killing them directly or hindering their replication processes. Four main types of antimicrobial substances are interferons, the complement system, iron-binding proteins, and antimicrobial proteins.
Interferons
Interferons (IFNs) are proteins produced by lymphocytes, macrophages, and fibroblasts infected with viruses. While IFNs cannot prevent viruses from entering and...
Gene Regulation in Microbial Communities: Quorum Sensing01:28

Gene Regulation in Microbial Communities: Quorum Sensing

Quorum sensing is a mechanism of bacterial communication that enables coordinated gene expression in response to changes in population density. This facilitates collective behaviors that enhance survival, resource acquisition, and ecological adaptation. This process relies on small signaling molecules called autoinducers that accumulate as bacterial populations grow. When a critical threshold concentration of autoinducers is reached, bacterial cells collectively modify gene expression,...
Microbial Corrosion01:24

Microbial Corrosion

Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion (MIC) is a significant form of material degradation caused by the metabolic activities of microorganisms. This phenomenon poses substantial challenges across various industries, including oil and gas, maritime, and water treatment sectors.MIC occurs when microorganisms, such as bacteria, archaea, and fungi, colonize metal surfaces, forming biofilms that alter the local electrochemical environment. These biofilms can lead to the production of corrosive...
Hand hygiene01:23

Hand hygiene

Asepsis is the practice of preventing or breaking the chain of infection. The nurse employs aseptic techniques to prevent the spread of microorganisms and reduce the risk of diseases. Hand hygiene is the cornerstone of aseptic techniques and is classified into medical and surgical asepsis. Medical asepsis includes hand hygiene and the use of gloves. Surgical asepsis, or the sterile technique, refers to practices that render and keep objects and areas free of microorganisms.
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Surface Membrane Barriers01:18

Surface Membrane Barriers

The skin and mucous membranes serve as the primary line of defense against pathogens by providing both physical and chemical protection. These barriers are essential in preventing the entry and establishment of microbes, thereby maintaining the integrity of the host.
The outer layer of the skin, the epidermis, is a robust barrier comprising layers of closely packed keratinized cells. This dense arrangement prevents microbes from penetrating the body. The periodic shedding of epidermal cells...

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Updated: Jun 19, 2026

Preparation of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles and the Evaluation of their Antibacterial Effects
06:42

Preparation of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles and the Evaluation of their Antibacterial Effects

Published on: September 27, 2024

Antimicrobial Systems Based on Essential Oils Advanced by Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles.

Greta Kaspute1,2, Urte Prentice1,3, Roman Viter4

  • 1Department of Nanotechnology, State Research Institute Center for Physical Sciences and Technology (FTMC), Sauletekio Av. 3, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania.

ACS Pharmacology & Translational Science
|June 18, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) combined with essential oils (EOs) offer enhanced antimicrobial properties. This hybrid material shows potential for food packaging, medicine, and agriculture, providing natural alternatives.

Keywords:
ZnO nanoparticlesadvanced materialsadvanced systemsantibacterial effectsessential oilsplants

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Evaluation of Antimicrobial Activities of Nanoparticles and Nanostructured Surfaces In Vitro

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Essential oils (EOs) possess antimicrobial properties but suffer from low bioavailability and oxidation.
  • Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) offer chemical stability, biocompatibility, and antimicrobial efficacy.
  • Combining ZnO NPs with EOs can create advanced materials with synergistic benefits.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the integration of ZnO NPs and EOs into polymeric matrices.
  • To explore the enhanced antimicrobial effectiveness, stability, and controlled release of these hybrid systems.
  • To highlight applications in food packaging, medicine, and agriculture as natural alternatives.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent advances in ZnO NP and EO hybrid systems.
  • Analysis of the properties and performance of ZnO NP-EO composites.
  • Exploration of challenges and opportunities in their application.

Main Results:

  • ZnO NP and EO combinations demonstrate improved antimicrobial activity.
  • Integration into polymeric matrices enhances stability and enables controlled release.
  • These hybrid materials show promise for extending food shelf life and therapeutic applications.

Conclusions:

  • ZnO NP and EO systems represent advanced materials with significant potential.
  • They offer natural solutions to combat antimicrobial resistance and synthetic chemical use.
  • Further research can unlock broader applications in public health and industry.