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Polar Histogram Visualization of Acute Stress Disorder Scale Scores for Comprehensive Clinical Assessment

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Injury Correlates of Acute Stress Disorder Following Combat Injury.

Ted Melcer¹, James Romine², James Zouris¹

¹Naval Health Research Center, San Diego, CA 92152, United States.

Military Medicine

|June 18, 2026

Summary

Combat injuries increase the risk of acute stress disorder (ASD). Mild traumatic brain injury (TBI) is significantly associated with higher ASD rates, informing casualty care guidelines.

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Area of Science:

Military medicine
Trauma psychology
Neuroscience

Background:

Acute stress disorder (ASD) negatively impacts combatant functioning and return-to-duty timelines.
Identifying factors associated with ASD is crucial for effective military healthcare.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate patient- and injury-specific factors linked to acute stress disorder (ASD) following combat injuries.

Main Methods:

Retrospective analysis of health data from 1,394 service members with combat injuries.
Utilized post-deployment health assessment (PDHA) data to identify ASD based on established criteria (4-30 days post-injury).

Main Results:

24% of service members screened positive for ASD.
Mild traumatic brain injury (TBI) was significantly associated with increased ASD rates (PR=1.57).
Pre-existing mental health diagnoses also correlated with higher ASD prevalence.

Conclusions:

Mild TBI is a significant risk factor for developing ASD after combat injury.
Findings support integrating TBI screening into combat casualty care to identify at-risk individuals.
The PDHA shows potential for future research on early ASD detection post-combat trauma.