Programming nanozyme identity for precision catalytic medicine by tailoring the bio-nano interface

Area of Science:

• Biomedical Engineering
• Nanotechnology
• Materials Science

Background:

• Clinical translation of nanozymes is hindered by physiological barriers and bio-nano interactions.
• In vivo therapeutic efficacy is often compromised, limiting applications.

Purpose of the Study:

• Propose a "nanozyme identity programming" paradigm for rational nanozyme design.
• Enable nanozymes to overcome biological barriers and accelerate clinical translation.

Main Methods:

• Systematically outline in vivo physiological barriers and nanozyme structural features.
• Examine functional programming of nanozymes for "stealth," "targeting," and "microenvironment-responsive" identities.
• Highlight bioinspired design and artificial intelligence for intelligent nanozyme development.

Main Results:

• Nanozymes can be programmed with distinct identities to manage in vivo challenges.
• "Identity programming" integrates with the "nanozyme-interface-performance-application" pipeline.
• Demonstrates promise for treating inflammatory diseases, neurological disorders, cancers, and bacterial infections.

Conclusions:

• The "nanozyme identity programming" paradigm is crucial for advancing nanozymes toward clinical nanomedicines.
• This framework addresses challenges in nanozyme efficacy and translation.
• Offers prospects for developing precise therapeutics for diverse pathological conditions.