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The Medium and Long-Term Effects of COVID-19 on the Non-Dipper Blood Pressure Pattern

Ozan Oğuz1, Ali Can Özkan1, Mehmet Akif Erdöl1

  • 1Department of Cardiology, Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.

Cardiovascular Journal of Africa
|June 18, 2026
PubMed

Insights

Recovered COVID-19 patients show a higher prevalence of the non-dipper blood pressure (BP) pattern. This finding underscores the need for ongoing cardiovascular monitoring in individuals with a history of COVID-19 infection.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health

Background:

  • The long-term cardiovascular sequelae of COVID-19 remain incompletely understood.
  • Persistent alterations in blood pressure (BP) regulation post-infection are a growing concern.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate persistent changes in BP patterns among individuals who have recovered from COVID-19.
  • To evaluate the prevalence of the non-dipper BP pattern in this cohort.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of data from 50 COVID-19 positive and 42 COVID-19 negative patients.
  • Ambulatory BP monitoring conducted between January 2023 and February 2024.
  • Primary endpoint: prevalence of the non-dipper BP pattern.

Main Results:

  • COVID-19 positive patients exhibited significantly lower daytime systolic BP (121.62 ± 11.65 mmHg) and nighttime systolic BP (109.3 ± 11.00 mmHg) compared to controls.
  • The non-dipper BP pattern was more frequent in COVID-19 positive patients (36.0%) than in controls (11.9%).
  • Hypertension prevalence was similar between groups (36.0% vs. 38.1%).

Conclusions:

  • COVID-19 infection may be associated with an increased propensity for developing the non-dipper BP pattern.
  • Long-term cardiovascular surveillance and early risk management are crucial for COVID-19 survivors.
Abstract

Keywords:
Ambulatory blood pressure monitoringCOVID‐19non‐dipper patterns

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