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Controlling vortex rotation with obstacles in nonaligning dry active matter.

Felipe P S Júnior1, Jorge L C Domingos2, W P Ferreira3

  • 1Universidade Federal do Pará, Faculdade de Física, ICEN, Av. Augusto Correa, 1,Guamá, Belém, 66075-110 Pará, Brazil.

Physical Review. E
|June 19, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Active vortices in dry active matter can be steered by geometric cues. The orientation of surrounding half-circles dictates rotation direction, controlling collective motion.

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Area of Science:

  • Active Matter Physics
  • Complex Systems
  • Non-equilibrium Statistical Mechanics

Background:

  • Chiral symmetry in active matter systems often leads to unbiased vortex rotation (clockwise or counterclockwise).
  • Understanding and controlling collective motion in active matter is crucial for designing novel materials and devices.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the rotational behavior of an active vortex around a circular obstacle in a nonaligning dry active-matter system.
  • To explore the influence of geometric configurations of surrounding half-circles on vortex dynamics and stability.
  • To establish a dimensionless control parameter for quantifying vortex angular velocity.

Main Methods:

  • Experimental investigation of active vortex rotation around a central circular obstacle.
  • Introduction of M half-circles with controllable orientation around the obstacle.
  • Definition and use of a dimensionless control parameter (ratio of controlled to isolated vortex angular velocities).

Main Results:

  • Two distinct rotational regimes were observed: clockwise rotation when flat sides of half-circles faced the vortex, and counterclockwise when curved sides faced it.
  • Vortex stability, including maintenance and rotation direction, exhibited a nonmonotonic dependence on the distance between half-circles and the central obstacle.
  • Geometric control was demonstrated to effectively influence spontaneous collective motion.

Conclusions:

  • The geometry of surrounding obstacles can precisely control the direction of active vortex rotation in dry active matter.
  • Geometric constraints offer a powerful method for manipulating collective motion in nonaligning active systems.
  • This study highlights the potential for designing active matter systems with predictable dynamic behaviors through geometric engineering.