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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 21, 2026

Extraction of Venom and Venom Gland Microdissections from Spiders for Proteomic and Transcriptomic Analyses

Extraction of Venom and Venom Gland Microdissections from Spiders for Proteomic and Transcriptomic Analyses

Published on: November 3, 2014

Bite-Bot: A Robotic Platform for Studying Envenomation.

Jacob Cieply^1,2, Talia Y Moore^1,3,4,5

¹Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, 2350 Hayward Street Ann Arbor, 48109 MI, USA.

Integrative and Comparative Biology

|June 19, 2026

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed Bite-Bot, a robotic platform, to study snake envenomation. This robot precisely controls snake fang mechanics and venom injection, offering new insights into venom delivery dynamics.

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Published on: October 6, 2023

Area of Science:

Biophysics
Robotics
Herpetology

Background:

Envenomation involves complex multi-physics interactions between snake fangs, venom, and target tissues.
Direct measurements of how fang shape influences in-wound venom transport are limited.
Existing studies often isolate puncture mechanics or fluid dynamics, lacking standardized cross-type comparisons.

Purpose of the Study:

To design and validate a robotic platform, Bite-Bot, for controlled envenomation experiments.
To investigate the effects of evolutionary variations in envenomer and target tissue on venom delivery.
To empirically study the physical interactions and coevolution in the envenomation process.

Main Methods:

3D printing of snake fangs with varied shapes and delivery mechanisms using titanium, based on uCT scans.
Utilizing a robotic platform to control bite parameters: angle of attack, speed, and force.
Injecting a bespoke venom phantom with rheological properties matching specific snake species at controlled pressures.

Main Results:

The study presents the design and validation of Bite-Bot, a novel robotic platform for envenomation research.
The platform enables highly controlled experiments to isolate variables affecting venom transport.
This facilitates a more holistic and empirical study of envenomation physics.

Conclusions:

Bite-Bot provides a standardized method for investigating snake envenomation mechanics.
The platform allows for detailed analysis of fang morphology and venom rheology effects on delivery efficiency.
This research opens new avenues for understanding the coevolutionary dynamics between snakes and their prey.