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Updated: Jun 21, 2026
04:29
Vagus Nerve Stimulation As an Adjunctive Neurostimulation Tool in Treatment-resistant Depression
Published on: January 7, 2019
Vagus nerve stimulation for refractory epilepsy: a 24-year single-center experience
Muhammad Usman Khalid1,2, Nausherwan Hussain1,2, Rachel Ward Mitchell1,3
11UK Comprehensive Epilepsy Program, University of Kentucky, Lexington.
Journal of Neurosurgery
|June 19, 2026
Summary
Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) is effective for refractory epilepsy, particularly in patients with lower seizure frequencies. Careful patient selection can optimize outcomes and reduce medication needs for epilepsy management.
Area of Science:
- Neurology
- Epileptology
- Neurosurgery
Background:
- Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) is an established treatment for refractory epilepsy.
- While generally effective, factors influencing VNS outcomes require further investigation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To identify patient- and disease-related factors impacting the efficacy of VNS therapy.
- To determine predictors of successful seizure reduction in refractory epilepsy patients.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective analysis of 356 patients undergoing VNS therapy.
- Data included demographics, seizure characteristics, and pre/post-VNS outcomes.
- Responders defined as ≥50% seizure frequency reduction.
Main Results:
- Lower baseline seizure frequency (<1-2/month or <1-2/year) significantly predicted better VNS response.
- Age at implantation and sex did not significantly affect seizure control.
- No significant difference in VNS outcomes based on etiology or imaging.
Conclusions:
- Patients with refractory epilepsy and low seizure frequency benefit most from VNS.
- Careful case selection is crucial for managing expectations and maximizing VNS efficacy.
- VNS should be considered for all refractory epilepsy patients, with tailored selection for optimal results.
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