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Measuring the Functional Abilities of Children Aged 3-6 Years Old with Observational Methods and Computer Tools
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Identification of International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) codes most frequently used

Idalina Maria Santos Vieira Lisboa Bordalo1,2, Carla Martins Pereira3,4, César Fonseca5

  • 1Health Technologies, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa Comprehensive Health Research Centre, Lisbon, Portugal ims.bordalo@ensp.unl.pt.

BMJ Paediatrics Open
|June 19, 2026
PubMed

Insights

This systematic review identified key International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) categories for child functioning. Findings emphasize participation and environmental context, supporting a biopsychosocial model for assessments and policy.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Rehabilitation Medicine
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Child functioning assessment requires comprehensive frameworks.
  • The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) offers a standardized approach.
  • Understanding commonly used ICF categories is crucial for consistent child assessments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review and synthesize the most utilized ICF categories for describing child functioning.
  • To inform the development of inclusive and context-sensitive assessment tools and policy frameworks for children.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of peer-reviewed studies utilizing ICF categories for child functioning (0-18 years).
  • Searches conducted in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and CINAHL up to September 2024.
  • Data extraction and synthesis followed Cochrane guidelines, using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT).

Main Results:

  • Eight studies with 29 ICF Core Sets (CS) were included, detailing 1665 instances and 194 unique ICF categories.
  • Activities and participation (40.7%) and environmental factors (30.6%) were the most frequently reported domains.
  • Key ICF chapters included learning, interpersonal interactions, support systems, and policies.

Conclusions:

  • The findings indicate a shift towards a biopsychosocial model in understanding child functioning.
  • Emphasis on participation and environmental context is highlighted.
  • Results support the ICF framework for multidisciplinary assessments and policy development, including national functioning tables.
Abstract

Keywords:
ChildChild HealthChildrenHealth Policy

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