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Published on: March 11, 2021

Shielding assessment for multi-ion radiotherapy based on ion-specific dose-defined workloads.

Ui-Seob Lee1, Youngmoon Goh1, Geum Mun Back1

  • 1Medical Physics Technology Team, Heavy-ion Therapy Implementation Development, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea.

Scientific Reports
|June 19, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Heavy-ion radiotherapy shielding needs new methods for multi-ion beams. Carbon ions generally require the most shielding, but high-energy helium can approach this under specific conditions, impacting neutron dose assessments.

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Published on: May 9, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Medical Physics
  • Radiation Oncology
  • Nuclear Engineering

Background:

  • Traditional heavy-ion radiotherapy shielding relies on particle number, which is inconsistent for multi-ion facilities.
  • Different ion species require varying particle numbers for the same dose, necessitating revised shielding strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate neutron shielding for helium, carbon, oxygen, and neon ion beams using dose-defined workloads.
  • To compare shielding effectiveness based on physical dose and Relative Biological Effectiveness (RBE)-weighted dose.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized PHITS Monte Carlo simulations to assess neutron shielding characteristics.
  • Evaluated shielding effectiveness per unit physical dose and per unit RBE-weighted dose for various ion beams.
  • Simulated shielding for helium, carbon, oxygen, and neon ion beams.

Main Results:

  • Under physical dose normalization, carbon ions consistently yielded the highest neutron effective dose across shielding configurations.
  • Under RBE-weighted dose normalization, carbon remained the most conservative reference ion in most scenarios.
  • High-energy helium beams approached the carbon reference dose under metallic beam-loss target conditions.

Conclusions:

  • Shielding outcomes are significantly influenced by the dose quantity used for workload definition.
  • Carbon is supported as the primary reference ion for multi-ion shielding assessment.
  • High-energy helium may require similar shielding considerations as carbon only under specific treatment-related metallic target conditions.