Aging trends, challenges, and policy framework within the Ghanaian context: a systematic review

Population aging has received considerable attention across economies presenting significant social, economic, and health challenges. While research has focused on demographics and health, limited attention has been given to the context, processes and outcomes of active aging in Ghanaian society. An exploration into this is essential to understanding the underlying dynamics between social stability, socioeconomic growth, health promotion and quality of life of older adults in Ghana.

We conducted a systematic review to compile and report on existing empirical evidence on population trends, age-related health issues, available support systems, and needs of older adults in Ghana to inform age-friendly services and policies. In accordance with PRISMA guidelines, we screened peer-reviewed articles published between 2015 and 2025 using search terms related to aging in Ghana.

Through thematic synthesis, four themes were identified - health utilization, health status, social support, and policy implications. Older adults who had better emotional, relational, and instrumental support from family and the community demonstrated higher levels of wellbeing, greater use of healthcare services, and reduced feelings of social isolation. Individuals reported unmet needs in food insecurity, financial hardship, lack of assistance with daily activities, and limited access to healthcare. Furthermore, older adults who reported multiple chronic conditions reported high levels of functional disabilities and physical difficulties.

This review underscores an immediate, coordinated policy intervention and research action to prepare Ghana for its next demographic phase. Priority action should focus on enhancing healthcare access, fostering social inclusion and promoting community engagement among older adults in Ghana to improve their quality of life.