Emerging Nano Bioinks in Bioprinting: Functional Materials, Engineering Strategies, and Biomedical Applications

Area of Science:

• Biomaterials Science
• Nanotechnology
• Regenerative Medicine

Background:

• Nano bioinks are advanced biomaterials combining nanostructures with matrices for enhanced properties.
• They offer potential in regenerative medicine, drug delivery, and biosensing.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review recent advances in nano bioink design and fabrication.
• To highlight synthesis strategies, nanomaterials, and applications.
• To discuss challenges hindering clinical translation.

Main Methods:

• Integration of nanostructures (nanoparticles, nanosheets, nanofibers) into bioink formulations.
• Fabrication approaches including direct blending, in-situ polymerization, and surface functionalization.
• Crosslinking strategies to enhance print fidelity and stability.

Main Results:

• Nano bioinks demonstrate improved mechanical strength, bioactivity, and printing performance.
• Emerging applications in tissue engineering, drug delivery, and biosensing are identified.
• Key challenges include reproducibility, biocompatibility, rheological optimization, and regulatory hurdles.

Conclusions:

• Nano bioinks hold significant potential for biomedical applications.
• Addressing technical, regulatory, and ethical challenges is crucial for successful clinical translation.
• Further research is needed to ensure safe and effective implementation.