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Related Concept Videos

¹³C NMR: ¹H–¹³C Decoupling01:04

¹³C NMR: ¹H–¹³C Decoupling

The probability of having two carbon-13 atoms next to each other is negligible because of the low natural abundance of carbon-13. Consequently, peak splitting due to carbon-carbon spin-spin coupling is not observed in spectra. However, protons up to three sigma bonds away split the carbon signal according to the n+1 rule, resulting in complicated spectra.
A broadband decoupling technique is used to simplify these complex, sometimes overlapping, signals. Broadband decoupling relies on a...
2D NMR: Heteronuclear Single-Quantum Correlation Spectroscopy (HSQC)01:19

2D NMR: Heteronuclear Single-Quantum Correlation Spectroscopy (HSQC)

Heteronuclear single-quantum correlation spectroscopy (HSQC) is a 2D NMR technique that reveals one-bond correlations between hydrogen and a heteronucleus. The HSQC experiment is similar to the heteronuclear correlation experiment (HETCOR) but is more sensitive. In the HSQC spectrum, the proton chemical shift is plotted on the horizontal F2 axis, while the 13C chemical shift is plotted on the vertical F1 axis. The corresponding proton and 13C spectra are also shown. The HSQC contour plot does...
2D NMR: Overview of Heteronuclear Correlation Techniques01:18

2D NMR: Overview of Heteronuclear Correlation Techniques

Heteronuclear correlation spectroscopy is an analytical technique that investigates the coupling between different types of nuclei, often a proton and an X-nucleus, such as carbon-13 or nitrogen-15. This method is commonly used in nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to gain insights into complex chemical compounds' structural and compositional aspects. A typical heteronuclear correlation spectrum displays X-nucleus chemical shifts on one axis and a proton spectrum on the other axis.
Insensitive Nuclei Enhanced by Polarization Transfer (INEPT)01:15

Insensitive Nuclei Enhanced by Polarization Transfer (INEPT)

Insensitive Nuclei Enhanced by Polarization Transfer (INEPT) is an advanced Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) technique specifically designed to detect and enhance the signals of low-abundance nuclei, such as carbon-13 and nitrogen-15, in small molecules. The fundamental principle behind INEPT is the transfer of polarization from a more abundant and highly polarizable nucleus, typically hydrogen-1, to the low-abundance nucleus of interest. This process effectively boosts the NMR signal of the...
¹³C NMR: Distortionless Enhancement by Polarization Transfer (DEPT)01:20

¹³C NMR: Distortionless Enhancement by Polarization Transfer (DEPT)

When proton-coupled carbon-13 spectra are simplified by a broadband proton decoupling technique, structural information about the coupled protons is lost. Distortionless enhancement by polarization transfer (DEPT) is a technique that provides information on the number of hydrogens attached to each carbon in a molecule. While the DEPT experiment utilizes complex pulse sequences, the pulse delay and flip angle are specifically manipulated. The resulting signals have different phases depending on...
¹H NMR: Complex Splitting01:13

¹H NMR: Complex Splitting

A proton M that is coupled to a proton X results in doublet signals for M. However, NMR-active nuclei can be simultaneously coupled to more than one nonequivalent nucleus. When M is coupled to a second proton A, such as in styrene oxide, each peak in the doublet is split into another doublet.
Splitting diagrams or splitting tree diagrams are routinely used to depict such complex couplings. While drawing splitting diagrams, the splitting with the larger coupling constant is usually applied first.

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Updated: Jun 23, 2026

Real-Time Metabolic Detection in Living Cells Using Hyperpolarized 13C NMR
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Published on: July 8, 2025

Automated para-Hydrogen Hyperpolarization for Mixture Analysis Using 1H and 13C Benchtop NMR Detection.

Daniel A Taylor1, James McCall1, Fraser Hill-Casey1

  • 1Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, North Yorkshire YO10 5DD, U.K.

Analytical Chemistry
|June 20, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Signal amplification by reversible exchange (SABRE) hyperpolarization enhances benchtop NMR for mixture analysis. Automation provides repeatable hyperpolarization, enabling sensitive and resolved spectra for complex samples.

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Area of Science:

  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Spectroscopy
  • Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR)

Background:

  • Benchtop NMR spectroscopy offers accessible mixture analysis but faces limitations in sensitivity and signal resolution.
  • Standard high-field NMR provides better sensitivity and resolution but is less accessible.
  • Signal amplification by reversible exchange (SABRE) hyperpolarization is a technique to improve NMR sensitivity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop an automated workflow for SABRE hyperpolarization to enhance benchtop NMR for complex mixture analysis.
  • To demonstrate the repeatability and integration capabilities of the automated SABRE hyperpolarization system.
  • To achieve fully resolved NMR spectra for mixtures with improved signal-to-noise ratios.

Main Methods:

  • Automated SABRE hyperpolarization workflow for NMR experiments.
  • Integration of hyperpolarization into standard NMR pulse sequences.
  • Acquisition of 1D 13C{1H} and 2D 13C-1H HETCOR and 1H-1H COSY spectra.

Main Results:

  • Highly repeatable hyperpolarization with 2.5% relative standard deviation in signal enhancement over 100 experiments.
  • Repolarization times of approximately 13 seconds.
  • Fully resolved 13C{1H} benchtop NMR spectra with signal-to-noise ratios up to 40 for a 3 mM mixture.
  • Resolved overlapped 1H NMR peaks using SABRE-enhanced 2D 13C-1H HETCOR.
  • Analysis of a 750 μM mixture using SABRE-enhanced 2D 1H-1H COSY in a single scan.

Conclusions:

  • Automated SABRE hyperpolarization significantly enhances benchtop NMR capabilities for sensitive and resolved mixture analysis.
  • The developed workflow is repeatable, efficient, and integrable with various NMR experiments.
  • This approach enables detailed analysis of complex mixtures at lower concentrations, expanding the utility of benchtop NMR.