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Related Concept Videos

Brain Imaging01:14

Brain Imaging

Brain imaging technologies provide critical insights into both the structure and function of the human brain, enabling medical professionals and researchers to diagnose, study, and treat neurological disorders or psychiatric disorders more effectively.
These technologies include computerized axial tomography (CAT or CT scans), positron-emission tomography (PET scans),  magnetic resonance imaging (MRI),  functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), and Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS).

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Related Experiment Video

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Event Related Potentials (ERPs) and other EEG Based Methods for Extracting Biomarkers of Brain Dysfunction: Examples from Pediatric Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
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Rethinking EEG biomarkers of brain disorders: a transdiagnostic dimensional view.

Paul Theo Zebhauser1,2,3, Henrik Heitmann1,3,4, Peter Henningsen4

  • 1Center for Interdisciplinary Pain Medicine, TUM School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.

Translational Psychiatry
|June 20, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Increased low-frequency activity (LFA) in EEG is a consistent brain biomarker across multiple disorders like pain and depression. This transdiagnostic marker offers potential for precision neuroscience and improved clinical applications.

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Last Updated: Jun 23, 2026

Event Related Potentials (ERPs) and other EEG Based Methods for Extracting Biomarkers of Brain Dysfunction: Examples from Pediatric Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
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Event Related Potentials (ERPs) and other EEG Based Methods for Extracting Biomarkers of Brain Dysfunction: Examples from Pediatric Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

Published on: March 12, 2020

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Neuroimaging-Guided TMS–EEG for Real-Time Cortical Network Mapping

Published on: June 13, 2025

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry
  • Neurology

Background:

  • Developing clinically useful brain-based biomarkers is a major challenge in translational neuroscience.
  • Traditional disorder-specific biomarkers have limited clinical utility.
  • Electroencephalography (EEG) offers a scalable, non-invasive approach for biomarker development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate a transdiagnostic and dimensional biomarker development framework using low-frequency activity (LFA) from EEG.
  • To identify consistent EEG alterations across various neurological and psychiatric conditions.
  • To explore the clinical utility of transdiagnostic biomarkers for precision neuroscience.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesized evidence from 176 EEG studies.
  • Focused on studies related to chronic pain, migraine, fatigue, and depression.
  • Analyzed low-frequency activity (LFA) as a potential transdiagnostic marker.

Main Results:

  • Increased low-frequency activity (LFA) was the most consistent EEG alteration found across the studied conditions.
  • This finding was independent of specific disorder diagnoses.
  • Increased LFA suggests shared neural dysfunction, potentially related to thalamo-cortical dysrhythmia and excitation-inhibition imbalance.

Conclusions:

  • Transdiagnostic, dimensional biomarkers like LFA can reveal shared neural mechanisms underlying diverse conditions.
  • These biomarkers are mechanistically grounded and clinically actionable.
  • They hold promise for advancing precision neuroscience in prevention, monitoring, stratification, and neuromodulation across disorders.