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Related Concept Videos

Menopause01:28

Menopause

Menopause, a natural biological process marking the end of a woman's fertility, typically occurs between the fifth and sixth decade of life. This phase is characterized by the exhaustion of the ovarian follicle pool, leading to less responsive ovaries despite the high levels of Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) and Luteinizing Hormone (LH). The consequential decrease in estrogen production results in symptoms like hot flashes, heavy sweating, headaches, hair loss, muscle pains, vaginal...
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Male infertility affects millions of couples worldwide, arising from various factors that impact different stages of the reproductive process. An endocrine imbalance resulting from conditions like hypogonadism, Klinefelter syndrome, or pituitary disorders can disrupt hormone levels and reduce sperm production. Testicular defects, such as tumors, cryptorchidism, atrophic testes, abnormal sperm morphology, and low sperm count or motility, may arise due to genetic factors, structural...
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When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
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Female infertility is defined as the inability to conceive after a year of regular, unprotected intercourse and affects about 10–15% of couples worldwide. The primary cause of female infertility is ovulatory disorders, which hinder the release of eggs. These disorders can be classified as hypothalamic amenorrhea, polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), premature ovarian failure, and hyperprolactinemic anovulation disorders.
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Testosterone: Functions and Regulation01:26

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Updated: Jun 23, 2026

Isolation of Double Negative αβ T Cells from the Kidney
06:56

Isolation of Double Negative αβ T Cells from the Kidney

Published on: May 16, 2014

Double negative T cells decline in inflammatory reproductive dysfunction.

Enitome E Bafor1,2, Toni Martin3, Bruna Karoline Tatematsu4

  • 1Cancer Innovation Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA. bafor.enitome@ufl.edu.

Scientific Reports
|June 21, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Double-negative T cells (DNTs) in the reproductive tract regulate immune balance. Restoring DNTs improved fertility in inflammation-associated infertility models, highlighting their therapeutic potential.

Keywords:
CD8+ T cellsDouble-negative T cellsIFN-γ-mediated inflammationOvarian immune toleranceUterine immune tolerance

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Platform for Quantitative Detection of Endometrial Immune Cells Based on Immunohistochemistry and Digital Image Analysis
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Platform for Quantitative Detection of Endometrial Immune Cells Based on Immunohistochemistry and Digital Image Analysis

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 23, 2026

Isolation of Double Negative αβ T Cells from the Kidney
06:56

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Published on: May 16, 2014

Platform for Quantitative Detection of Endometrial Immune Cells Based on Immunohistochemistry and Digital Image Analysis
07:46

Platform for Quantitative Detection of Endometrial Immune Cells Based on Immunohistochemistry and Digital Image Analysis

Published on: October 13, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Reproductive Biology
  • T Cell Biology

Background:

  • Double-negative T cells (DNTs; CD3+CD4-CD8-) are known immune regulators in autoimmune diseases.
  • Their role in reproductive tissue immunity and inflammation-associated infertility is not well understood.
  • Understanding DNT function in the reproductive tract is crucial for addressing infertility.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To define the phenotype, behavior, and function of DNTs in the mouse ovary and uterus.
  • To investigate the role of DNTs in inflammation-associated infertility models.
  • To explore the potential of DNTs as a therapeutic target for infertility.

Main Methods:

  • Characterization of TCRβ+NK1.1- DNTs in mouse reproductive tissues.
  • RNA-sequencing of DNTs and CD8+ T cells from spleen and thymus.
  • Ex vivo functional assays (cytokine production, T cell suppression) and in vivo studies (parabiosis, CD8-targeting depletion, adoptive transfer).

Main Results:

  • A population of TCRβ+NK1.1- DNTs was identified in the mouse ovary and uterus.
  • Peripheral DNTs exhibited a regulatory-like transcriptional profile, distinct from CD8+ T cells.
  • DNTs suppressed CD8+ T cell proliferation ex vivo; their frequencies decreased in inflammatory infertility models, favoring CD8+ T cells.
  • Adoptive transfer of DNTs improved pregnancy rates in an inflammation-associated infertility model.

Conclusions:

  • DNTs are present in the mouse reproductive tract and possess regulatory functions.
  • Reduced DNTs and an altered DNT:CD8+ T cell ratio are associated with inflammation-driven infertility.
  • DNTs represent a potential immunoregulatory mechanism in reproductive tissues and a therapeutic target for infertility.