Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones01:20

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones

Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
Upon reaching the thyroid gland, TSH stimulates the follicular cells' active uptake of iodide ions from the blood. The ions diffuse to the apical surface of the cells and are oxidized to iodine. The iodine is then...
Functions of Thyroid Hormones01:18

Functions of Thyroid Hormones

The thyroid hormone (TH) plays a pivotal role in the intricate orchestration of physiological processes, exerting profound effects on development, metabolism, and homeostasis throughout different life stages.
TH is indispensable for the normal development and maturation of the skeletal, muscular, and nervous systems during fetal and childhood growth. It facilitates bone mineral turnover and regulates protein synthesis in developing tissues, contributing significantly to overall growth and...
Hypothyroidism II: Pathophysiology01:23

Hypothyroidism II: Pathophysiology

Hypothyroidism is a disorder characterized by insufficient production of thyroid hormones, which regulate metabolism, energy balance, and multiple organ systems.TypesHypothyroidism is classified based on the level of dysfunction. Primary hypothyroidism results from intrinsic thyroid gland dysfunction, causing reduced hormone production despite normal or increased stimulation. Secondary hypothyroidism arises from inadequate thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) secretion by the pituitary. Tertiary...
Pleiotropy01:33

Pleiotropy

Pleiotropy is the phenomenon in which a single gene impacts multiple, seemingly unrelated phenotypic traits. For example, defects in the SOX10 gene cause Waardenburg Syndrome Type 4, or WS4, which can cause defects in pigmentation, hearing impairments, and an absence of intestinal contractions necessary for elimination. This diversity of phenotypes results from the expression pattern of SOX10 in early embryonic and fetal development. SOX10 is found in neural crest cells that form melanocytes,...
The Thyroid Gland01:23

The Thyroid Gland

The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck and covers the anterior surface of the trachea. The gland has two lateral lobes connected by a thin tissue mass called the isthmus. Internally, each lobe comprises many small spherical structures known as thyroid follicles, surrounded by a network of blood vessels.
The follicles have a central cavity lined by simple cuboidal to squamous epithelial cells called follicular cells. These cells produce the glycoprotein...
Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology01:27

Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology

Hyperthyroidism is a hypermetabolic state caused by elevated levels of thyroid hormones, triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). It results from dysregulation at the thyroid, pituitary, or immune system level and affects multiple organ systems.PathophysiologyThe most common cause of hyperthyroidism is Graves’ disease, an autoimmune disorder in which antibodies, specifically thyroid-stimulating antibodies (TSAb), a subtype of TSH receptor antibodies (TRAb), bind to and activate TSH receptors...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Less severe endothelial injury and vascular pathway activation in SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant compared to Alpha.

Scientific reports·2026
Same author

MagmaFlow: A desktop platform for artificial intelligence-driven expression analysis.

FEBS open bio·2026
Same author

Zebrafish knock-in lines enabling live visualization of extracellular matrix dynamics during development and regeneration.

Development (Cambridge, England)·2026
Same author

The role of Nrf2 in thyroid maturation and hormone synthesis in vertebrate models.

Life science alliance·2026
Same author

<i>THRB</i> splice site variants lead to exon 4 skipping and TRβ1 gain-of-function syndrome.

medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences·2026
Same author

Human thyroid organoids: tools for understanding thyroid diseases and development.

Nature reviews. Endocrinology·2026
Same journal

PARG inhibition reduces ssDNA levels and limits RPA loading upon replication fork collapse.

EMBO reports·2026
Same journal

Academic independence?

EMBO reports·2026
Same journal

GATOR1 signaling defects promote astrocytic metabolic rewiring and excitatory neurotransmitter cycling.

EMBO reports·2026
Same journal

Lipid droplets promote aberrant liquid-liquid phase separation of alpha-synuclein impairing energy homeostasis.

EMBO reports·2026
Same journal

Publisher Correction: Collagen VI is a fibrosis-associated signal disrupting muscle regeneration across distinct human myopathies.

EMBO reports·2026
Same journal

Food for thought : The role of life cycle thinking in sustainable food system transitions.

EMBO reports·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 23, 2026

An Ex vivo Culture System to Study Thyroid Development
08:33

An Ex vivo Culture System to Study Thyroid Development

Published on: June 6, 2014

Foxe1 deficiency impairs thyroid fate while supporting lung differentiation.

Bárbara F Fonseca1, Cindy Barbée1, Sema Elif Eski1

  • 1Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.

EMBO Reports
|June 21, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Loss of Foxe1 disrupts thyroid cell development, allowing Nkx2-1+ cells to form lung-like organoids. This reveals how transcription factors and chromatin influence cell fate decisions in stem cell differentiation.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 23, 2026

An Ex vivo Culture System to Study Thyroid Development
08:33

An Ex vivo Culture System to Study Thyroid Development

Published on: June 6, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Stem Cell Biology
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Mammalian endoderm differentiates into lung and thyroid lineages, regulated by the transcription factor Nkx2-1.
  • The gene networks governing these lineage-specific differentiation pathways are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of Foxe1 in the differentiation of Nkx2-1+ cells.
  • To elucidate the gene networks and chromatin accessibility changes involved in thyroid and lung lineage specification.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized mouse stem cell lines for in vitro differentiation studies.
  • Employed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) for transcriptomic profiling.
  • Conducted chromatin accessibility profiling to assess regulatory element activity.

Main Results:

  • Foxe1 knockout impaired differentiation of Nkx2-1+ cells into thyroid follicular-like cells.
  • A subset of Foxe1-deficient Nkx2-1+ cells adopted a lung epithelial differentiation program, forming lung-like organoids.
  • Chromatin analyses showed reduced accessibility at the Pax8 locus but open configurations at lung-associated loci, indicating plasticity.

Conclusions:

  • Foxe1 loss destabilizes thyroid lineage commitment, creating a permissive state for Nkx2-1+ progenitors to adopt a lung fate.
  • This study highlights the interplay between transcription factors and chromatin in governing cell lineage decisions.
  • Provides a model system for studying organ specification and developmental plasticity in vitro.