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Characterization of Electrode Materials for Lithium Ion and Sodium Ion Batteries Using Synchrotron Radiation Techniques

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Engineering Dynamic Electrolyte Microenvironments via Double-Shell Hosts for Practical Lithium-Sulfur Batteries.

Ziqing Yao¹, Yulu Zou¹, Shuqi Zhang¹

¹College of Aerospace Science and Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410073, People's Republic of China.

Nano-Micro Letters

|June 21, 2026

Summary

Researchers developed a novel double-shell hollow catalyst for lithium-sulfur batteries. This structure enhances stability and energy density by controlling the reaction environment, overcoming key deployment challenges.

Keywords:

Double-shell structure Dynamic electrolyte microenvironments Lithium–sulfur batteries Prussian blue analogues derivatives

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Identification and Quantification of Decomposition Mechanisms in Lithium-Ion Batteries; Input to Heat Flow Simulation for Modeling Thermal Runaway

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Published on: March 7, 2022

Area of Science:

Materials Science
Electrochemistry
Energy Storage

Background:

Practical lithium-sulfur (Li-S) battery deployment is hindered by lithium polysulfide (LiPS) shuttle effect and slow sulfur redox kinetics.
Current research often prioritizes catalyst intrinsic activity, neglecting the impact of host architecture on the reaction microenvironment.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the role of host architecture in modulating the electrochemical microenvironment for Li-S batteries.
To develop an advanced sulfur host material that mitigates LiPS shuttle and enhances reaction kinetics.

Main Methods:

A facile ion-exchange strategy was employed to synthesize a double-shell hollow Prussian blue analogue derivative (Co2.5Fe/NC) with a controlled Co/Fe molar ratio.
Finite element simulations and in situ diagnostics were used to analyze the dynamic behavior within the nanoreactor during battery operation.
Electrochemical performance was evaluated, including cycling stability and energy density, particularly under lean electrolyte conditions.

Main Results:

The synthesized Co2.5Fe/NC double-shell structure facilitates self-propelled electrolyte flow, effectively reducing LiPS concentration heterogeneity.
This dynamic flow prevents active material passivation and ensures sustained catalytic efficiency, even with moderate intrinsic catalyst activity.
The Co2.5Fe/NC cathode demonstrated exceptional stability (0.016% decay per cycle over 1000 cycles at 2 C) and an Ah-level pouch cell achieved 454.7 Wh kg⁻¹ energy density.

Conclusions:

Designing intelligent host structures that manage the electrochemical microenvironment is crucial for advancing Li-S battery technology.
The double-shell hollow architecture offers a promising strategy to overcome LiPS shuttle and kinetic limitations, paving the way for practical Li-S batteries.