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Related Concept Videos

Myocarditis II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests01:27

Myocarditis II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests

Myocarditis is an inflammation of the heart muscle. The symptoms vary widely, encompassing asymptomatic presentations to severe, acute manifestations.Clinical PresentationAsymptomatic cases: In some instances, myocarditis may be asymptomatic, with the infection resolving without intervention. These cases often go undetected unless discovered incidentally through diagnostic imaging or tests conducted for other reasons.General Early Symptoms: Early symptoms of myocarditis are non-specific and can...
Myocarditis III: Medical Management01:14

Myocarditis III: Medical Management

Myocarditis: Comprehensive Medical ManagementMyocarditis, the heart muscle inflammation, requires a comprehensive medical management strategy that addresses the underlying cause, provides supportive care, manages symptoms, and reduces cardiac workload.Infections and Autoimmune CausesAdminister appropriate antimicrobial therapy when an infectious agent causes myocarditis. For instance, penicillin treats infections caused by Group A Streptococcus. In cases where autoimmune processes are...
Myocarditis I: Introduction01:21

Myocarditis I: Introduction

Myocarditis is inflammation of the myocardium, which is the muscular layer of the heart.EtiologyMyocarditis has a diverse etiology, including a wide range of infectious and non-infectious causes:Infectious CausesViral: Common viruses include Coxsackie A and B, adenovirus, parvovirus B19, enteroviruses, and influenza A.Bacterial: Examples include infections caused by Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, and Mycoplasma species.Rickettsial: Infections like Rocky Mountain spotted fever can result in...
Myocarditis IV: Nursing Management01:22

Myocarditis IV: Nursing Management

Myocarditis is an inflammatory condition of the myocardium requiring meticulous nursing management for optimal patient outcomes. Effective management begins with a thorough assessment of the patient's medical history, paying close attention to past infections, autoimmune disorders, travel history, and exposure to toxins or drugs. Recent viral infections and systemic diseases are particularly relevant due to their potential role in triggering myocarditis.Physical Examination and MonitoringThe...
Pericarditis III: Medical Management01:17

Pericarditis III: Medical Management

The primary objectives of managing pericarditis are to determine the underlying cause, provide effective therapy for treatment and symptom relief, and promptly detect signs and symptoms of cardiac tamponade. The following outlines the essential aspects of medical management for pericarditis:ObjectivesDetermine the Cause: Identifying the underlying cause of pericarditis is crucial for targeted treatment. Causes include viral infections, autoimmune diseases, post-cardiac injury syndrome, and...
Pericarditis I: Introduction01:22

Pericarditis I: Introduction

Pericarditis is defined as the inflammation of the pericardium, the thin, sac-like membrane surrounding the heart. This condition can cause significant chest pain and other symptoms, often necessitating medical intervention. The pericardium has two layers: the inner visceral layer and the outer parietal layer, separated by a small amount of fluid that reduces friction during heartbeats.Types of PericarditisPericarditis can be classified into several types based on the duration and nature of the...

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Related Experiment Videos

Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Associated Myocarditis: A Retrospective Case Series.

Michael Acevedo Monsanto1, Artur Schneider1, Razvan M Chirila2

  • 1Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida 32224, USA.

Romanian Journal of Internal Medicine = Revue Roumaine De Medecine Interne
|June 22, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) can cause myocarditis, a serious side effect. This study reviewed five patients, finding varied presentations and outcomes, highlighting the need for vigilance in managing ICI-related cardiac events.

Keywords:
ASCO gradingImmune checkpoint inhibitorsLake Louise criteriamyocarditis

Related Experiment Videos

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Oncology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are vital cancer therapies.
  • Immune-related adverse events (irAEs), including myocarditis, are significant complications.
  • ICI-associated myocarditis carries a high case-fatality rate.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review cases of potential ICI-associated myocarditis.
  • To categorize myocarditis severity based on diagnostic criteria.
  • To summarize clinical presentation, management, and outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective review of five patients treated at Mayo Clinic Florida (2019-2024).
  • Categorization of myocarditis as definite, probable, or possible using cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) and histopathology.
  • Literature summarization.

Main Results:

  • Median age 74, four of five patients male; myocarditis onset 5-30 days post-anti-PD-1 therapy.
  • Presentations included dyspnea, chest pain, and asymptomatic troponin elevation; all had elevated troponin T.
  • CMR supported myocarditis in two cases; one endomyocardial biopsy showed no active inflammation. One definite, one probable, three possible cases identified.

Conclusions:

  • ICI-associated myocarditis presents heterogeneously with cardiac biomarker elevation and ECG changes.
  • Corticosteroids were administered to all patients; some required escalated immunosuppression.
  • Outcomes varied, with three recoveries and two deaths where myocarditis was a contributing factor.