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Related Concept Videos

Development of the Oral Microbiota01:28

Development of the Oral Microbiota

The establishment of the oral microbiome begins before birth, challenging the long-held belief that the fetal oral cavity is sterile. The presence of oral microbes such as Streptococcus and Fusobacterium in amniotic fluid suggests that microbial exposure may occur in utero, potentially through translocation from the maternal oral or gastrointestinal tract. This early colonization primes the neonatal immune system and sets the stage for subsequent microbial succession. Maternal health,...
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The Oral Microbiota

The oral microbiome includes a complex ecosystem comprising over 700 microbial species, identified through genomic sequencing and culture-based analyses to date. This community includes a core microbiome, found universally among individuals, and a variable component influenced by environmental factors such as diet, lifestyle, and host genetics. Site-specific conditions, including oxygen gradients, pH levels, and nutrient availability, determine the spatial distribution of these microorganisms...
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Pathophysiology of Diabetes

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia. The four categories of diabetes are type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, other specific types of diabetes, and gestational diabetes.
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Teratogenicity01:07

Teratogenicity

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Related Experiment Videos

Periodontitis and Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes: Mechanistic Evidence.

Gregory C Valentine1,2,3,4, Yiorgos A Bobetsis5, Benjamin C Shayo4,6

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.

Journal of Periodontal Research
|June 22, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Periodontal diseases during pregnancy are linked to adverse outcomes like preterm birth. This review explores systemic inflammation, microbial spread, and other mechanisms, highlighting areas for future research to improve maternal and infant health.

Keywords:
adverse pregnancy outcomesgingivitismechanistic studiesperiodontal diseasesperiodontitispregnancypreterm birth

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Area of Science:

  • Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • Periodontology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Periodontal diseases, including gingivitis and periodontitis, are prevalent in pregnant individuals.
  • These conditions are associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes (APOs) such as preterm birth, low birth weight, and stillbirth.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the mechanistic links between periodontal diseases and APOs.
  • To identify underexplored mechanistic domains and areas for future research.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on systemic inflammation, microbial translocation, and other potential mechanisms.
  • Analysis of pregnancy-specific vulnerabilities, including hormonal changes.

Main Results:

  • Strongest evidence links APOs to systemic inflammation and microbial translocation.
  • Mechanisms like altered neutrophil activity, immune cell trafficking, nutritional deficiencies, and oral microbiome dysbiosis require further investigation.
  • Pregnancy hormones may increase susceptibility to periodontal disease.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding novel mechanistic insights is crucial for developing interventions.
  • Further research can improve outcomes for pregnant individuals and their children.
  • Addressing periodontal health in pregnancy is vital for global maternal and child well-being.