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Related Concept Videos

Infectious Diseases and Their Occurrence01:28

Infectious Diseases and Their Occurrence

Infectious diseases appear in populations through various transmission patterns, influenced by pathogen characteristics, population immunity, environmental conditions, and social behavior. Understanding these patterns is essential for effective public health surveillance and intervention. These categories—sporadic, outbreak, epidemic, pandemic, and endemic—help frame the nature and scope of disease events.Sporadic diseases occur irregularly and infrequently, without a predictable temporal or...
Smallpox01:24

Smallpox

Smallpox is a severe contagious disease caused by the Variola major virus, a double-stranded DNA member of the Poxviridae family.Variola major transmission occurs primarily via inhalation of virus-laden droplets or direct contact with infectious scabs. The incubation period averages approximately seven days, although it may range from 7 to 17 days depending on the inoculum and host factors.Clinically, the prodromal phase is marked by an abrupt onset of high fever, malaise, headache, and myalgia.
Steps in Outbreak Investigation01:18

Steps in Outbreak Investigation

In the ever-evolving field of public health, statistical analysis serves as a cornerstone for understanding and managing disease outbreaks. By leveraging various statistical tools, health professionals can predict potential outbreaks, analyze ongoing situations, and devise effective responses to mitigate impact. For that to happen, there are a few possible stages of the analysis:
Investigation of Disease Outbreaks01:23

Investigation of Disease Outbreaks

Multistate foodborne outbreaks pose significant public health risks and require meticulous investigation to identify sources and implement control measures. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) utilizes a dynamic seven-step process for these investigations, integrating data from laboratories, interviews, and environmental assessments to protect public health.Outbreak Detection: The detection of multistate outbreaks typically begins with PulseNet, the CDC's national laboratory...
Toxoplasmosis01:28

Toxoplasmosis

Toxoplasmosis, a zoonotic disease caused by the protozoan Toxoplasma gondii, poses significant public health challenges globally due to its high seroprevalence and varied clinical manifestations. As an obligate intracellular parasite, T. gondii can infect all warm-blooded vertebrates, but felids are its only definitive hosts, shedding unsporulated oocysts into the environment. Humans typically acquire the infection through ingestion of tissue cysts in undercooked meat or oocysts from...
Coronavirus01:29

Coronavirus

Coronaviruses, including the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), are enveloped viruses characterized by their single-stranded, positive-sense RNA genome and helical nucleocapsid structure. The hallmark of these viruses is their club-shaped spike (S) glycoproteins that protrude from the viral envelope, facilitating attachment to host cells. Typically, coronaviruses infect the upper respiratory tract, often causing mild or asymptomatic disease. However, certain strains like...

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Updated: Jun 23, 2026

Development of Multiplex Real-Time RT-qPCR Assays for the Detection of SARS-CoV-2, Influenza A/B, and MERS-CoV
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Development of Multiplex Real-Time RT-qPCR Assays for the Detection of SARS-CoV-2, Influenza A/B, and MERS-CoV

Published on: November 10, 2023

2024 Monkeypox Outbreak: Assessing the Current Scenario, Global Health Risks, and Preparedness for a Silent Pandemic.

Lavanya Khullar1, Jatin Chadha1, Sanjay Chhibber1

  • 1Department of Microbiology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014 India.

Indian Journal of Microbiology
|June 22, 2026
PubMed
Summary

The 2024 monkeypox (Mpox) outbreak, driven by a highly transmissible Clade Ib strain, has resurged globally. Limited vaccine access in Africa and increased viral transmissibility are key factors fueling this public health emergency.

Keywords:
Global resurgenceMonkeypox (Mpox)Monkeypox virusMulti-country outbreakPandemicWorld Health Organization

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Remote Laboratory Management: Respiratory Virus Diagnostics
14:56

Remote Laboratory Management: Respiratory Virus Diagnostics

Published on: April 6, 2019

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Last Updated: Jun 23, 2026

Development of Multiplex Real-Time RT-qPCR Assays for the Detection of SARS-CoV-2, Influenza A/B, and MERS-CoV
03:53

Development of Multiplex Real-Time RT-qPCR Assays for the Detection of SARS-CoV-2, Influenza A/B, and MERS-CoV

Published on: November 10, 2023

Remote Laboratory Management: Respiratory Virus Diagnostics
14:56

Remote Laboratory Management: Respiratory Virus Diagnostics

Published on: April 6, 2019

Area of Science:

  • * Epidemiology and Public Health
  • * Viral Zoonoses
  • * Infectious Disease Outbreaks

Background:

  • * The monkeypox virus (MPXV), now termed Mpox, has caused recurrent outbreaks, including a significant multi-country event in 2022.
  • * The 2024 outbreak is primarily linked to the more severe and transmissible Clade Ib strain, with the Democratic Republic of Congo reporting the majority of cases.
  • * The World Health Organization (WHO) declared Mpox a public health emergency of international concern (PHEIC) due to its global spread.

Purpose of the Study:

  • * To analyze recent developments in the 2024 multi-country Mpox outbreak.
  • * To identify contributing factors to the resurgence of Mpox.
  • * To discuss strategies for controlling zoonotic and human-to-human transmission.

Main Methods:

  • * Review of current epidemiological data on the 2024 Mpox outbreak.
  • * Analysis of factors contributing to viral spread and severity.
  • * Examination of WHO's preparedness and response guidelines.

Main Results:

  • * The 2024 Mpox outbreak involves a highly transmissible Clade Ib strain, resulting in over 103,000 confirmed cases and 229 deaths across 121 countries.
  • * Key drivers include limited Mpox vaccine availability in African nations, increased transmissibility of the circulating MPXV strains, and insufficient knowledge of animal reservoirs.
  • * The outbreak highlights significant challenges in global health security and equitable vaccine distribution.

Conclusions:

  • * The current Mpox outbreak necessitates urgent global cooperation and strategic preparedness, as outlined by WHO guidelines.
  • * Addressing vaccine inequity and enhancing surveillance of animal reservoirs are critical for controlling future outbreaks.
  • * A multi-faceted approach is required to curb both zoonotic and human-to-human transmission of Mpox effectively.