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Related Concept Videos

Residual Stresses in Circular Shafts01:10

Residual Stresses in Circular Shafts

In materials that exhibit elastic and plastic behavior, known as elastoplastic materials, residual stresses can accumulate when these materials experience plastic deformation. This deformation arises from either high levels of shearing stress or significant strains. Residual stresses are internal stresses that persist within a material after removing the external force causing deformation. This phenomenon is demonstrated when observing the behavior of a shaft under torque; notably, the shaft's...

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An Improved Mechanical Testing Method to Assess Bone-implant Anchorage
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Rethinking Implant Length: A Density-Dependent Analysis of Primary Stability-An In Vitro Evaluation Using Resonance

Sergio Alexandre Gehrke1,2, Gracey Mosley3, Juliana Campos Hasse Fernandes4

  • 1Department of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Health Sciences, Vale do Itajai University (UNIVALI), Itajai, 88302-901, Brazil.

International Journal of Dentistry
|June 22, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Dental implant length significantly impacts primary stability, with longer implants offering greater stability in low-density bone. Shorter implants may suffice in dense bone, potentially reducing surgical risks.

Keywords:
bone densitydental implantsimplant lengthimplant stability quotient (ISQ)insertion torqueprimary stabilityresonance frequency analysis

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Area of Science:

  • Dental Implantology
  • Biomaterials Science
  • Biomechanics

Background:

  • Accurate assessment of primary dental implant stability is crucial for predicting osseointegration.
  • Primary stability influences the choice of loading protocols for dental implants.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the primary stability of dental implants with varying lengths.
  • To assess stability across simulated bone densities using insertion torque value (ITV) and resonance frequency analysis (RFA).

Main Methods:

  • Morse-taper implants (5.0 mm diameter) of lengths 5, 6, 7, and 8 mm were used.
  • Implants were tested in polyurethane foam blocks simulating different bone densities (PCF 40, PCF 30, PCF 20) with varying cortical layers.
  • Primary stability was measured using ITV and RFA, resulting in an implant stability quotient (ISQ).

Main Results:

  • In high-density foam (PCF 40), both ITV and ISQ increased with implant length, with the 8 mm implant showing the highest stability.
  • In low-density foam (PCF 20/1 mm), the 5 mm implant had the lowest stability, while the 8 mm implant exhibited the highest stability.
  • Results indicate a proportional relationship between implant length and stability in high-density bone, and a similar trend in low-density bone.

Conclusions:

  • Implant length is a significant factor in primary stability, but its effect is highly dependent on bone density.
  • Shorter implants may offer adequate primary stability and reduce surgical risks in dense bone.
  • Longer implants are essential for achieving superior primary stability in poor-quality bone with thin cortical plates.