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Evaluation of the Osteogenic Potential of Periodontal Ligament and Tooth-Derived Substrates Effect on Osteogenesis:
Tiago Pinto Carvalho1, Thiago Resck2, Davi Kirsch2
1Faculty of Dentistry, ULBRA, Canoas, Brazil.
Objective:
The goal of this in vitro pilot study was to compare the osteogenic potential of different ground human tooth preparations.
Methods:
Twelve maxillary third molars were included and divided into four groups: FT (full tooth), containing all dental tissues (enamel, dentin, pulp, cementum, and periodontal ligament); WE, without enamel; WPL, without periodontal ligament; and WEPL, without enamel and periodontal ligament. The teeth were ground to macroscopically homogeneous particles. The new bone formation was the primary variable evaluated. Pre-osteoblastic cells were incubated with protein extracted from this substrate to verify their osteoinductive potential. Cell proliferation, viability assays, mRNA expression of type I Collagen (COL-I), RUNX-2, BMP-2, and mineral nodules were assessed to achieve the main outcome. Data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA and Tukey tests, considering alpha = 5%.
Results:
The FT group had the lowest proliferation cell rates, whereas WEPL had the highest rates (p < 0.05). Moreover, there was an increased gene expression of all genes studied in the WEPL group and a greater formation of phosphate nodules (p < 0.05).
Conclusion:
The dental substrate without enamel and periodontal ligament (WEPL) showed better and improved results than the other groups, revealing promising osteogenic potential for use as a biomaterial for grafting.
