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Updated: Jun 23, 2026

Human Cartilage Tissue Fabrication Using Three-dimensional Inkjet Printing Technology
09:32

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Embedded cell-only bioprinting to engineer structurally aligned meniscal fibrocartilage.

Aliaa Sherif Karam1,2,3, Gabriela S Kronemberger1,2,3, Kaoutar Chattahy1,2,3

  • 1Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, D02 PN40, Ireland.

Materials Today. Bio
|June 22, 2026
PubMed
Summary

External geometric confinement guides collagen alignment in engineered fibrocartilage. This biofabrication strategy enhances tissue organization, paving the way for scaffold-free meniscal grafts.

Keywords:
Boundary conditionsCollagen alignmentEmbedded bioprintingMeniscus

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Last Updated: Jun 23, 2026

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Published on: November 18, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Engineering
  • Tissue Engineering
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Meniscal graft engineering is challenging due to difficulties in replicating native tissue's organized collagen structure.
  • This collagen architecture is crucial for the biomechanical function of the meniscus.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if external geometric confinement can direct collagen alignment in mesenchymal stem/stromal cell (MSC)-derived fibrocartilaginous tissues.
  • To develop a scalable biofabrication platform for engineering functional meniscal grafts.

Main Methods:

  • MSCs were cultured in agarose channels to observe boundary-induced collagen alignment.
  • MSC bioinks were bioprinted into methacrylated xanthan gum (XGMA) to create filaments of varying widths.
  • YAP and ROCK pathways were inhibited to study the role of cellular mechanotransduction.

Main Results:

  • Collagen fibers aligned parallel to the confining channels in initial experiments.
  • Reducing filament width during bioprinting enhanced collagen alignment and matrix deposition.
  • Inhibition of YAP and ROCK pathways disrupted cellular alignment but not collagen organization.

Conclusions:

  • External geometric confinement is a powerful and scalable strategy for engineering meniscal grafts.
  • This approach promotes biomimetic collagen organization, essential for meniscal function.
  • The findings may advance the development of scaffold-free meniscal grafts.