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Related Concept Videos

Guidelines for Writing Outcome01:11

Guidelines for Writing Outcome

When developing expected outcomes for a patient care plan, the nurse should adhere to the following recommendations:
Patient outcomes reflect the patient's response to the goal rather than what the nurse aims to achieve. Terminology should be observable and measurable to avoid the reader's interpretation. The desired outcome should be realistic and achievable in the designated care timeframe. Expected outcomes should align with adjunctive therapies. The outcome should enhance care evaluation by...
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Myasthenia gravis is a neuromuscular transmission disorder characterized by weakness and increased fatigability of skeletal muscles. It is an autoimmune disease affecting approximately one in 2000 people, where antibodies against the α1 subunit of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors are produced.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 23, 2026

Home-Based Monitor for Gait and Activity Analysis
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Published on: August 8, 2019

Exploring Treatment Expectations and Clinical Meaningfulness in Spinal Muscular Atrophy Using the Goal Attainment

Jacopo Casiraghi1, Andrea Lizio1, Maria Beretta1

  • 1The NEMO Center in Milan, Neurorehabilitation Unit, University of Milan, ASST Niguarda Hospital, Milan.

Archives of Rehabilitation Research and Clinical Translation
|June 22, 2026
PubMed
Summary

The Goal Attainment Scale (GAS) in spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) captures patient-reported improvements and unmet needs in mobility and daily activities. Most patient goals align with existing scales, but GAS offers individualized insights for treatment expectations.

Keywords:
GASr_SMAGoal Attainment ScalePatient-reported outcomesRehabilitationSpinal muscular atrophy

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Measurements of Motor Function and Other Clinical Outcome Parameters in Ambulant Children with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy

Published on: January 12, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Rehabilitation Medicine
  • Clinical Research

Background:

  • Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a rare genetic neuromuscular disorder.
  • Disease-modifying treatments for SMA aim to improve motor function and quality of life.
  • Assessing patient-reported meaningful improvement is crucial for evaluating treatment efficacy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the utility of the Goal Attainment Scale (GAS) in identifying clinically meaningful improvements in SMA patients undergoing disease-modifying treatment.
  • To evaluate if patient-stated goals captured by GAS are already addressed by existing motor assessment scales.

Main Methods:

  • A longitudinal retrospective study was conducted involving 58 SMA patients treated with nusinersen or risdiplam.
  • Data collected included clinical and demographic information, SMA type, and various functional motor scales (Hammersmith, CHOP, RULM, 6MWT).
  • The Goal Attainment Scale (GAS) questionnaire was administered to capture patient-reported goals.

Main Results:

  • 149 SMART goals were identified, clustering into 15 macrodomains, predominantly mobility, upper limb strength, and activities of daily living.
  • 72% of patient goals could be mapped to items within standardized motor and functional scales.
  • Unmet goals frequently related to activities of daily living, endurance, and upper limb strength.

Conclusions:

  • The Goal Attainment Scale (GAS) offers a reliable and quantifiable method for measuring individualized goal achievement in SMA patients.
  • GAS is valuable for setting realistic treatment expectations and interpreting treatment-induced changes over time for patients and physicians.