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Phylogenetic and Functional Biogeographic Approach for Rodent Conservation Across an Environmental Gradient in Chile.

Wendy C Hernández-Mazariegos¹, Felipe I Torres^2,3, Reilly Brennan⁴

¹Programa de Doctorado en Medicina de la Conservación, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile.

Journal of Biogeography

|June 22, 2026

Summary

Rodent diversity in Chile is linked to ecoregions, with high species richness and evolutionary patterns found in the Puna ecoregion. Conservation efforts may need to expand beyond current protected areas to safeguard key biodiversity hotspots.

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Area of Science:

Ecology and Evolutionary Biology
Biodiversity Conservation
Biogeography

Background:

Abiotic factors significantly influence species diversity, evolution, and functional traits, which is critical for effective biodiversity conservation.
Understanding these influences is essential for managing terrestrial protected areas and developing robust wildlife conservation strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate biogeographic and phylogenetic metrics in rodent species within Chile to understand biodiversity patterns.
To improve wildlife conservation strategies by analyzing rodent diversity in relation to environmental factors.

Main Methods:

Updated rodent phylogeny using GenBank gene sequences.
Calculated biodiversity indices including Species Richness (SR), Phylogenetic Diversity (PD), Phylogenetic Endemism (PE), and Functional Diversity (FD).
Analyzed indices across ecoregions, climatic zones, and protected areas along temperature and precipitation gradients.

Main Results:

Identified high rodent diversity in northern and central-south Chile, with strong associations between phylogenetic and functional indices.
Observed highest diversity indices (SR, PD, PE, FD) in the Puna ecoregion, Polar climatic region, and unprotected areas.
Found spatial congruence among diversity indices, indicating the importance of species composition and evolutionary history.

Conclusions:

Spatial congruence suggests species composition and evolutionary history are key drivers of rodent assemblages.
High diversity areas indicate regions of high species richness, diversification, ecological specialization, and endemism.
A spatial mismatch between biodiversity hotspots and protected areas highlights potential gaps in current conservation strategies, as crucial evolutionary and ecological processes may occur outside protected zones.