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Related Concept Videos

Suctioning the Nasopharyngeal Airway01:29

Suctioning the Nasopharyngeal Airway

Nasopharyngeal suctioning is a procedure to remove secretions from the upper part of the respiratory tract that the patient cannot clear independently. It helps maintain airway patency and prevents complications such as aspiration pneumonia.
Equipment Required
Suctioning the Oropharyngeal Airway01:25

Suctioning the Oropharyngeal Airway

In preparing for oropharyngeal airway suctioning, a nurse must gather all necessary equipment, including a suction unit with tubing, a prepackaged suction kit, sterile gloves, water or saline for irrigation, a water-soluble lubricant, and additional personal protective equipment (such as a gown, mask, and goggles) to control infections.
After assembling the equipment, the nurse should practice hand hygiene and don appropriate PPE according to infection control guidelines to avoid the...
Oxygen Delivering System II: Venturi Mask and Transtracheal Oxygen01:16

Oxygen Delivering System II: Venturi Mask and Transtracheal Oxygen

Oxygen therapy is a pivotal aspect of medical care, particularly for patients with respiratory ailments. Two prominent oxygen-delivering systems include the Venturi mask and the transtracheal oxygen catheter.
Venturi Mask
The Venturi mask, named after the Venturi effect, is designed to deliver precise oxygen concentrations. It consists of a large tube with an oxygen inlet that narrows down, causing a pressure drop that pulls air in through adjustable side ports. The mask is a lightweight,...
Oxygen Delivering System III: Tracheostomy and T-piece01:23

Oxygen Delivering System III: Tracheostomy and T-piece

Oxygen delivery is critical in clinical care, especially for patients with respiratory disorders or those undergoing surgical procedures. Various systems, such as tracheostomy and the T-piece, deliver oxygen to the lungs, ensuring adequate arterial oxygenation.
Tracheostomy
A tracheostomy is a surgically created opening (stoma) in the anterior part of the trachea. It is used to establish a patient airway, bypass an upper airway obstruction, simplify the removal of secretions, permit long-term...
Breathing01:05

Breathing

The process of breathing, inhaling and exhaling, involves the coordinated movement of the chest wall, the lungs, and the muscles that move them. Two muscle groups with important roles in breathing are the diaphragm, located directly below the lungs, and the intercostal muscles, which lie between the ribs. When the diaphragm contracts, it moves downward, increasing the volume of the thoracic cavity and creating more room for the lungs to expand. When the intercostal muscles contract, the ribs...
Oxygen Delivering System I: Nasal Cannula and Face Mask01:26

Oxygen Delivering System I: Nasal Cannula and Face Mask

The human body requires oxygen to function, and when the natural process of respiration is hindered, external devices, including the following, are needed to help deliver this vital gas.
Nasal Cannula
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Suggested flow rate: The suggested flow rate for a nasal cannula typically ranges between 1 and 6 L/min.
Oxygen percentage setting:...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 23, 2026

Modeling and Simulations of Olfactory Drug Delivery with Passive and Active Controls of Nasally Inhaled Pharmaceutical Aerosols
15:04

Modeling and Simulations of Olfactory Drug Delivery with Passive and Active Controls of Nasally Inhaled Pharmaceutical Aerosols

Published on: May 20, 2016

An Open-Source, Three-Dimensionally Printed, Motorized ("Breathing") Nasotracheoscopy Simulator.

Anthony M Saad1, David Herz1, Mal Mehari1

  • 1Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Rutgers New Jersey Medical School Newark New Jersey USA.

OTO Open
|June 22, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study validated a novel 3D-printed nasotracheoscopy simulator with a moving larynx. Expert otolaryngologists found the simulator highly realistic and valuable for training telescopic navigation and anatomical recognition.

Keywords:
3D printingairway anatomyflexible endoscopymedical simulationmotorized larynxnasotracheoscopyotolaryngology educationsimulation training

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Simulation
  • Otolaryngology Training
  • 3D Printing in Medicine

Background:

  • Flexible nasotracheoscopy is a crucial skill in otolaryngology.
  • Current training methods may lack realistic anatomical and dynamic simulation.
  • A need exists for advanced simulators to improve procedural training.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the face and content validity of a novel 3D-printed nasotracheoscopy simulator.
  • To assess the realism and educational value of a simulator featuring a motorized, moving larynx.
  • To gather expert feedback from board-certified otolaryngologists on the simulator's utility.

Main Methods:

  • Development of an anatomically accurate airway model using 3D printing and silicone casting.
  • Integration of a servo motor for simulated laryngeal motion.
  • Validation by ten board-certified otolaryngologists using a 5-point Likert scale survey.

Main Results:

  • The simulator achieved high face validity (mean 4.6) and content validity (mean 4.8).
  • Participants rated general impressions highly (mean 4.83) and confirmed anatomical accuracy.
  • The simulator was recognized for its educational value in telescopic navigation and anatomical recognition.

Conclusions:

  • The 3D-printed nasotracheoscopy simulator demonstrates strong validity and realism.
  • Its anatomical accuracy and dynamic features make it a valuable adjunct for procedural training.
  • Further research will investigate the simulator's impact on learner performance.