Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Factors Affecting Pulmonary Ventilation01:19

Factors Affecting Pulmonary Ventilation

Besides the pressure difference between the external environment and the lungs, the airflow rate and ease of pulmonary ventilation are also influenced by three other factors: surface tension of the fluid in the alveoli, compliance of the lungs, and airway resistance.
Alveolar Surface Tension
The alveolar fluid lines the luminal surface of the alveoli and exerts a force called surface tension. This force is caused by the polar water molecules in the liquid being more strongly attracted to each...
Factors Affecting Respiration01:24

Factors Affecting Respiration

Respiration is a crucial physiological function involving exchanging oxygen (O2) and carbon dioxide (CO2) between an organism and its environment. Various factors can impact this essential process:
Atelectasis II: Pathophysiology01:10

Atelectasis II: Pathophysiology

Atelectasis develops when alveoli lose their air and collapse inward. Because lung tissue is naturally elastic, these air sacs shrink rather than remaining open. Collapsed alveoli are no longer ventilated, reducing their role in gas exchange. Blood flow may continue in these regions, creating a ventilation–perfusion mismatch. Clinical findings include decreased breath sounds, dullness to percussion, reduced chest expansion, and decreased tactile fremitus as sound transmission through collapsed...
Acute Respiratory Failure-II01:21

Acute Respiratory Failure-II

Type I Respiratory Failure, or hypoxemic respiratory failure, occurs when the partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) in arterial blood falls below 60 mmHg while breathing room air without a corresponding increase in arterial carbon dioxide levels (PaCO2). This condition highlights a significant impairment in the lungs' capacity to oxygenate the blood.
The underlying physiological abnormalities that contribute to hypoxemic respiratory failure include:
Assessment of Ventilation I: Respiratory Rate01:20

Assessment of Ventilation I: Respiratory Rate

Assessment of Ventilation
A Ventilation assessment is critical for monitoring a patient's health status. Respiration, one of the most accessible vital signs, provides insights into the function of numerous body systems and can indicate serious health issues, such as brainstem injuries from head trauma.
Critical Guidelines for Assessing Ventilation:
Acute Respiratory Failure-III01:30

Acute Respiratory Failure-III

Hypercapnic respiratory failure, also known as Type 2 or ventilatory respiratory failure, is a severe condition characterized by the body's inability to effectively remove carbon dioxide (CO2) from the bloodstream. It leads to an arterial CO2 pressure (PaCO2) exceeding 45 mmHg and a blood pH above 7.35. This situation indicates that the body's ventilatory demand, or the ventilation needed to maintain normal PaCO2 levels, surpasses its supply or the maximum gas flow achievable without causing...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Type I Interferon-Driven Monocyte Dysregulation and MAS-associated CD8 <sup>+</sup> T cells During Macrophage Activation Syndrome.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Annexin A2 Regulates Surfactant Dysfunction During Injurious Ventilation.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Heterogeneous Causes of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Correlate With Distinct Peripheral Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Metabolites.

FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology·2026
Same author

Heterogeneous causes of acute respiratory distress syndrome correlate with distinct peripheral polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolites.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Secreted mitochondrial aspartyl-tRNA synthetase (DARS2) regulates TNFα signaling.

Physiological reports·2025
Same author

A Deceased Donor Kidney Transplant After 10°C Static Storage.

Clinical transplantation·2025
Same journal

Layered social competition coordinates reproductive hierarchy formation in ants.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same journal

Combination epigenetic-targeted therapy increases the immunogenicity of poorly immunogenic sarcomas.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same journal

Loss of LanC-like proteins delays post-injury regeneration of aging skeletal muscles.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same journal

Integrative Transfer Network: Deep Transfer Learning Across Populations and Prediction Targets.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same journal

Confidence-supported label-free metabolic imaging with FPhaS phase autofluorescence microscopy.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same journal

Sequence-encoded autoinhibition couples mRNA decapping activity to phase separation.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 23, 2026

Surfactant Depletion Combined with Injurious Ventilation Results in a Reproducible Model of the Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)
06:22

Surfactant Depletion Combined with Injurious Ventilation Results in a Reproducible Model of the Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)

Published on: April 7, 2021

Airspace miR-146a levels in ventilated patients decrease with age and correlate with mortality.

Ian D Bentley, Anusha Kapoor, Nondyce Gulick

    Biorxiv : the Preprint Server for Biology
    |June 22, 2026
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    MicroRNA-146a levels in alveolar fluid, not plasma, correlate with outcomes in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Lower levels in the lungs indicate higher mortality risk, especially in older adults.

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: Jun 23, 2026

    Surfactant Depletion Combined with Injurious Ventilation Results in a Reproducible Model of the Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)
    06:22

    Surfactant Depletion Combined with Injurious Ventilation Results in a Reproducible Model of the Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)

    Published on: April 7, 2021

    Area of Science:

    • Pulmonary Medicine
    • Molecular Biology
    • Biomarker Discovery

    Background:

    • Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a severe condition with high mortality.
    • Identifying reliable biomarkers for ARDS prognosis and treatment is crucial.
    • Plasma biomarkers may not accurately reflect lung-specific disease processes in ARDS.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the utility of microRNA-146a (miR-146a) as a biomarker in ARDS.
    • To determine if miR-146a levels in different bodily fluids correlate with patient outcomes.
    • To explore the potential of heat moisture exchange (HME) filter fluid as a novel biospecimen source.

    Main Methods:

    • Measured miR-146a expression using digital droplet PCR in plasma, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid, and HME fluid from ARDS patients.
    • Analyzed miR-146a levels in relation to patient age, mortality, and other clinical outcomes.
    • Compared miR-146a detectability and correlation with outcomes across the different fluid compartments.

    Main Results:

    • miR-146a was detectable in plasma, BAL fluid, and HME fluid.
    • Lower miR-146a expression in BAL fluid and HME fluid was significantly associated with increased mortality and older age.
    • miR-146a levels in plasma did not correlate with patient outcomes.
    • Demonstrated the feasibility of measuring nucleotides in HME fluid.

    Conclusions:

    • Alveolar space measurements of miR-146a, but not plasma, are associated with ARDS patient outcomes.
    • HME filter fluid represents a promising, non-invasive source for alveolar biomarker assessment in ARDS.
    • Findings highlight the importance of analyzing biomarkers within the specific microenvironment of the lung.