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Related Concept Videos

T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 23, 2026

Mouse Naïve CD4+ T Cell Isolation and In vitro Differentiation into T Cell Subsets
07:12

Mouse Naïve CD4+ T Cell Isolation and In vitro Differentiation into T Cell Subsets

Published on: April 16, 2015

A feedback control for restraining autoimmune γδ T cells: reprogramming into ILC1s.

S Bajana, A Pankow, K Liu

    Biorxiv : the Preprint Server for Biology
    |June 22, 2026
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Innate-like gamma delta T cells can transform into ILC1-like cells, preventing autoimmune disease. This TCR-Id3 pathway limits harmful T cell activity, offering new immunotherapy insights.

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    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: Jun 23, 2026

    Mouse Naïve CD4+ T Cell Isolation and In vitro Differentiation into T Cell Subsets
    07:12

    Mouse Naïve CD4+ T Cell Isolation and In vitro Differentiation into T Cell Subsets

    Published on: April 16, 2015

    Generation of Induced Regulatory T Cells from Primary Human Naïve and Memory T Cells
    14:23

    Generation of Induced Regulatory T Cells from Primary Human Naïve and Memory T Cells

    Published on: April 16, 2012

    Development of Stem Cell-derived Antigen-specific Regulatory T Cells Against Autoimmunity
    10:10

    Development of Stem Cell-derived Antigen-specific Regulatory T Cells Against Autoimmunity

    Published on: November 8, 2016

    Area of Science:

    • Immunology
    • Autoimmunity
    • Cancer Immunotherapy

    Background:

    • Gamma delta (γδ) T cells show promise in cancer immunotherapy but their role in autoimmunity is unclear.
    • Innate-like Vγ1.1⁺Vδ6.3⁺ T cells are implicated in autoimmune pathology.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate a feedback mechanism involving γδ T cells that restrains autoimmune pathology.
    • To define a novel innate lymphoid cell type 1 (ILC1) subset and its developmental dependence.

    Main Methods:

    • Analysis of T cell receptor (TCR) signaling pathways.
    • Genetic ablation of Id3 in T cells.
    • Characterization of ILC1 subsets and their development.
    • Comparison of murine findings with human Sjögren's disease patient samples.

    Main Results:

    • A new ILC1 subset dependent on the T cell receptor (Tcrd) locus was identified.
    • TCR signaling induces Id3, suppressing Vδ6.3 expression and reprogramming Vγ1.1⁺Vδ6.3⁺ T cells into ILC1-like cells.
    • Id3 deficiency led to severe autoimmunity, including autoantibody production and T follicular helper cell differentiation, mimicking Sjögren's disease.
    • Human Sjögren's disease patients showed increased γδ T cells in salivary glands.

    Conclusions:

    • A TCR-Id3-dependent reprogramming pathway limits the pathogenic potential of γδ T cells.
    • This mechanism restrains autoimmune pathology and offers potential therapeutic targets for autoimmune diseases like Sjögren's.
    • Innate-like γδ T cells can differentiate into ILC1-like cells, highlighting immune cell plasticity.