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Association Between Thyroid Function Indicators and Metabolic-Associated Fatty Liver Disease: Effect Modification by
Wei Huang1, Jiang Yao1, Yunzhen Shi2
1Department of Surgery, Changxing People's Hospital, Huzhou, 313100, Zhejiang, China, cxrmyy.com.
International Journal of Endocrinology
|June 22, 2026
Summary
Thyroid function indicators are linked to metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD). This association may be influenced by iodine levels and mediated by factors like BMI.
Area of Science:
- Endocrinology
- Hepatology
- Nutritional Science
Background:
- Contradictory findings exist regarding thyroid function and metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD).
- Iodine nutritional status may modify the relationship between thyroid function and MAFLD.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the association between thyroid function indicators and MAFLD.
- To explore the modifying effect of iodine nutritional status on this relationship.
Main Methods:
- Cross-sectional analysis of 2009-2012 NHANES data.
- Multivariate logistic regression models to assess thyroid function and MAFLD association.
- Mediation analyses for MAFLD-related variables and assessment across iodine statuses.
Main Results:
- Elevated FT3, FT3/FT4, and decreased FT4 levels were associated with increased MAFLD odds.
- Potential mediation by ALT, HDL_C, or BMI was observed.
- The thyroid-MAFLD association varied by iodine status (deficient, adequate, excessive).
Conclusions:
- Thyroid function indicators are associated with MAFLD.
- The association may be mediated by ALT, HDL_C, and BMI.
- Iodine status appears to modify the thyroid-MAFLD link, requiring further validation.
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