Predictors of labour pain among primigravida mothers: A prospective observational study

Labor and delivery are intensely painful experiences for women. This phase is crucial for both mother and child, and complications during labor can heighten maternal morbidity and affect the overall childbirth experience. Labor pain is highly subjective, and its severity varies due to multiple physical and psychological factors. This study aimed to identify the predictors of labor pain among primigravida women during the active phase of labor.

A prospective observational study was conducted from June to November 2022 at Community and Primary Health Centers (CHCs and PHCs) in Gautam Budh Nagar, Uttar Pradesh. Primigravida women admitted in the active phase of labor were selected using purposive sampling. A total of 100 participants meeting the inclusion criteria were enrolled. Pain intensity was assessed using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), and data on obstetrical profile, labor pain predictors, and coping strategies were collected via a structured interview questionnaire.

Logistic regression analysis revealed that coping strategies significantly influenced pain management (χ²(7) = 19.53, P < 0.05). Breathing exercises emerged as the most effective technique. Prenatal education also showed a significant influence (t = 2.612, P = 0.01), preparing women both mentally and physically. Breathing techniques notably reduced perceived pain (t = 2.032, P = 0.044).

The study emphasizes the importance of prenatal education and coping strategies, particularly breathing exercises, in reducing labor pain. Integrating these into antenatal care may enhance pain tolerance and maternal well-being during childbirth.